SSU Chem 335B
- Last updated
- Apr 29, 2020
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- Material for Exam 1
- Chapter 20: Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry; Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Reduction
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 General Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
- 20.3 A Preview of Oxidation and Reduction
- 20.4 Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
- 20.5 The Stereochemistry of Carbonyl Reduction
- 20.6 Enantioselective Carbonyl Reductions
- 20.7 Reduction of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
- 20.8 Oxidation of Aldehydes
- 20.9 Organometallic Reagents
- 20.10 Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Aldehydes and Ketones
- 20.11 Retrosynthetic Analysis of Grignard Products
- 20.12 Protecting Groups
- 20.13 Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
- 20.14 Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Other Compounds
- 20.15 α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
- 20.16 Summary—The Reactions of Organometallic Reagents
- 20.17 Synthesis
- Chapter 21: Aldehydes and Ketones—Nucleophilic Addition
- 21.10 The Wittig Reaction
- 21.11 Addition of 1° Amines
- 21.12 Addition of 2° Amines
- 21.13 Addition of H2O—Hydration
- 21.14 Addition of Alcohols—Acetal Formation
- 21.15 Acetals as Protecting Groups
- 21.16 Cyclic Hemiacetals
- 21.17 An Introduction to Carbohydrates
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Nomenclature
- 21.3 Physical Properties
- 21.4 Spectroscopic Properties
- 21.5 Interesting Aldehydes and Ketones
- 21.6 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
- 21.7 Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones—General Considerations
- 21.8 Nucleophilic Addition of H– and R–—A Review
- 21.9 Nucleophilic Addition of –CN
- Chapter 22: Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives— Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
- 22.10 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
- 22.11 Reactions of Esters
- 22.12 Application: Lipid Hydrolysis
- 22.13 Reactions of Amides
- 22.14 Application: The Mechanism of Action of β-Lactam Antibiotics
- 22.15 Summary of Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions
- 22.16 Natural and Synthetic Fibers
- 22.17 Biological Acylation Reactions
- 22.18 Nitriles
- 22.1 Introduction
- 22.2 Structure and Bonding
- 22.3 Nomenclature
- 22.4 Physical Properties
- 22.5 Spectroscopic Properties
- 22.6 Interesting Esters and Amides
- 22.7 Introduction to Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
- 22.8 Reactions of Acid Chlorides
- 22.8 Reactions of Acid Chlorides
- 22.9 Reactions of Anhydrides
- Material for Exam 2
- Chapter 23: Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the Alpha Carbon
- 23.10 Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Enols
- 23.3 Enolates
- 23.4 Enolates of Unsymmetrical Carbonyl Compounds
- 23.5 Racemization at the α Carbon
- 23.6 A Preview of Reactions at the α Carbon
- 23.7 Halogenation at the α Carbon
- 23.8 Direct Enolate Alkylation
- 23.9 Malonic Ester Synthesis
- Chapter 24: Carbonyl Condensation Reactions
- 24.1 The Aldol Reaction
- 24.2 Crossed Aldol Reactions
- 24.3 Directed Aldol Reactions
- 24.4 Intramolecular Aldol Reactions
- 24.5 The Claisen Reaction
- 24.6 The Crossed Claisen and Related Reactions
- 24.7 The Dieckmann Reaction
- 24.8 The Michael Reaction
- 24.9 The Robinson Annulation
- Chapter 25: Amines
- 25.10 Relative Basicity of Amines and Other Compounds
- 25.11 Amines as Nucleophiles
- 25.12 Hofmann Elimination
- 25.13 Reaction of Amines with Nitrous Acid
- 25.14 Substitution Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts
- 25.15 Coupling Reactions of Aryl Diazonium Salts
- 25.16 Application: Synthetic Dyes
- 25.17 Application: Sulfa Drugs
- 25.1 Introduction
- 25.2 Structure and Bonding
- 25.2 Structure and Bonding
- 25.3 Nomenclature
- 25.4 Physical Properties
- 25.5 Spectroscopic Properties
- 25.6 Interesting and Useful Amines
- 25.7 Preparation of Amines
- 25.8 Reactions of Amines—General Features
- 25.9 Amines as Bases
- Material for Exam 3
- Chapter 17: Benzene and Aromatic Compounds
- 17.1 Background
- 17.2 The Structure of Benzene
- 17.3 Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives
- 17.4 Spectroscopic Properties
- 17.5 Interesting Aromatic Compounds
- 17.6 Benzene’s Unusual Stability
- 17.7 The Criteria for Aromaticity - Hückel’s Rule
- 17.8 Examples of Aromatic Compounds
- 17.9 What Is the Basis of Hückel’s Rule?
- 17.10 The Inscribed Polygon Method for Predicting Aromaticity
- 17.11 Buckminsterfullerene—Is It Aromatic?
- Chapter 18: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- 18.10 Limitations on Electrophilic Substitution Reactions with Substituted Benzenes
- 18.11 Disubstituted Benzenes
- 18.12 Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives
- 18.13 Halogenation of Alkyl Benzenes
- 18.14 Oxidation and Reduction of Substituted Benzenes
- 18.15 Multistep Synthesis
- 18.1 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
- 18.2 The General Mechanism
- 18.3 Halogenation
- 18.4 Nitration and Sulfonation
- 18.5 Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Friedel–Crafts Acylation
- 18.6 Substituted Benzenes
- 18.7 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Substituted Benzenes
- 18.8 Why Substituents Activate or Deactivate a Benzene Ring
- 18.9 Orientation Effects in Substituted Benzenes
- Material Since Exam 3 for the Final
- Chapter 31: Synthetic Polymers
- 30.9 Polymer Recycling and Disposal
- 31.1 Introduction
- 31.2 Chain-Growth Polymers—Addition Polymers
- 31.3 Anionic Polymerization of Epoxides
- 31.4 Ziegler–Natta Catalysts and Polymer Stereochemistry
- 31.5 Natural and Synthetic Rubbers
- 31.6 Step-Growth Polymers—Condensation Polymers
- 31.7 Polymer Structure and Properties
- 31.8 Green Polymer Synthesis
- Unit 25 Biomolecules: Carbohydrates
- Unit Preview & Unit Objectives
- 25.1 Classification of Carbohydrates
- 25.2 Depicting Carbohydrate Stereochemistry: Fischer Projections
- 25.3 D, L Sugars
- 25.4 Configurations of Aldoses
- 25.5 Cyclic Structures of Monosaccharides: Anomers
- 25.6 Reactions of Monosaccharides
- 25.7 The Eight Essential Monosaccharides
- 25.8 Disaccharides
- 25.9 Polysaccharides and Their Synthesis
- 25.0 Introduction
- 25.10 Other Important Carbohydrates
- 25.11 Cell-Surface Carbohydrates and Influenza Viruses
- Summary and Key Words