Map: Inorganic Chemistry (Housecroft)
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- 1: Basic Concepts: Atoms
- 1.1: Introduction
- 1.2: Fundamental Particles of an Atom
- 1.3: Atomic Number, Mass Number and Isotopes
- 1.4: Successes in Early Quantum Theory
- 1.5: An Introduction to Wave Mechanics
- 1.6: Atomic Orbitals
- 1.6A: Electronic Quantum Numbers
- 1.6B: The Radial Part of the Wave Function
- 1.6C: The Radial Distribution Function
- 1.6D: The Angular Part of the Wave Function
- 1.6E: Orbital Energies in a Hydrogen-like Species
- 1.6F: Size of Orbitals
- 1.6G: The Spin and Magnetic Spin Quantum Number's
- 1.6H: The ground state of Hydrogen
- 1.7: Many Electron Atoms
- 1.8: The Periodic Table
- 1.9: The Aufbau Principle
- 1.10: Ionization Energies and Electron Affinities
- 2: Basic Concepts: Molecules
- 2.1: Bonding Models - An Introduction
- 2.2: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules - Valence Bond Theory
- 2.3: Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules - Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory
- 2.4: The Octet Rule and Isoelectronic Species
- 2.5: Electronegativity Values
- 2.6: Dipole Moments
- 2.7: MO Theory - Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
- 2.8: Molecular Shape and the VSEPR Model
- 2.9: Molecular Shape - Stereoisomerism
- 3: Introduction to Molecular Symmetry
- 4: Experimental Techniques
- 4.1: Introduction
- 4.2: Separation and Purification Techniques
- 4.3: Elemental Analysis
- 4.4: Computational Analysis - Thermogravimetry (TG)
- 4.5: Mass Spectrometry
- 4.6: Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies
- 4.7: Electronic Spectroscopy
- 4.8: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
- 4.8A: NMR Active Nuclei and Isotope Abundance
- 4.8B: Which Nuclei are Suitable for NMR Spectroscopic Studies
- 4.8C: Resonance Frequencies and Chemical Shifts
- 4.8D: Chemical Shift Ranges
- 4.8E: Solvents for Solution Studies
- 4.8F: Integration of Signals and Signal Broadening
- 4.8G: Homonuclear spin-spin coupling - \(^1H-^1H\)
- 4.8H: Heteronuclear spin-spin coupling - \(^{13}C-^1H\)
- 4.8I: Case Studies
- 4.8J: Stereochemically Non-Rigid Species
- 4.8K: Exchange Processes in Solution
- 4.9: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy
- 4.10: Mossbauer Spectroscopy
- 4.11: Structure Determination - Diffraction Methods
- 4.12: Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES, UPS, XPS, ESCA)
- 4.13: Computational Methods
- 4.14: Magnetism
- 5: Bonding in Polyatomic Molecules
- 5.1: Introduction
- 5.2: Valence Bond Theory - Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
- 5.3: Valence Bond Theory - Multiple Bonding in Polyatomic Molecules
- 5.4: MO Theory - The Ligand Group Orbital (LGO) Approach and Application to Triatomic Molecules
- 5.5: MO Theory Applied to Polyatomic Molecules \(BH_3\), \(NH_3\), and \(CH_4\)
- 5.6: MO Theory - Bonding Analyses Soon Become Complicated
- 5.7: MO Theory - Learning to Use the Theory Objectively
- 6: Structures and Energetics of Metallic and Ionic solids
- 6.1: Introduction
- 6.2: Packing of Spheres
- 6.3: The Packing of Spheres Model Applied to the Structures of Elements
- 6.4: Polymorphism in Metals
- 6.5: Metallic Radii
- 6.6: Melting Points and Standard Enthalpies of Atomization of Metals
- 6.7: Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds
- 6.8: Bonding in Metals and Semicondoctors
- 6.9: Semiconductors
- 6.10: Size of Ions
- 6.11: Ionic Lattices
- 6.11A: Structure - Rock Salt (\(NaCl\))
- 6.11B: Structure - Caesium Chloride (\(CsCl\))
- 6.11C: Structure - Fluorite (\(CaF2\))
- 6.11D: Structure - Antifluorite (\(M_2 X\))
- 6.11E: Structure - Zinc Blende (ZnS)
- 6.11F: Structure - \(\beta\)-Cristobalite \(SiO_2\)
- 6.11H: Structure - Rutile (\(TiO_2\))
- 6.11I: Structure - Layers (\(CdI_2\) and \(CdCl_2\))
- 6.11J: Structure - Perovskite (\(CaTiO_3\))
- 6.12: Crystal Structure of Semiconductors
- 6.13: Lattice Energy - Estimates from an Electrostatic Model
- 6.14: Lattice Energy - The Born-Haber Cycle
- 6.15: Lattice Energy - Calculated vs. Experimental Values
- 6.16: Application of Lattice Energies
- 6.17: Defects in Solid State Lattices
- 7: Acids, bases and ions in aqueous solution
- 7.1: Introduction
- 7.2: Properties of Water
- 7.3: Definitions and Units in Aqueous Solution
- 7.4: Some Bronstead Acids and Bases
- 7.5: The Energetics of Acid Dissociation in Aqueous Solution
- 7.6: Trends within a Series of Oxoacids \(EO_n(OH)_m\)
- 7.7: Aquated Cations - Formation and Acidic Properties
- 7.8: Amphoteric Oxides and Hydroxides
- 7.9: Solubilities of Ionic Salts
- 7.10: Common-Ion Effect
- 7.11: Coordination Complexes - An Introduction
- 7.12: Stability Constants of Coordination Complexes
- 7.13: Factors Affecting the Stabilities of Complexes Containing Only Monodentate Ligands
- 8: Reduction and Oxidation
- 8.1: Introduction
- 8.2: Standard Reduction Potentials, E°, and the Relationship Between E°, ΔG°, and K
- 8.3: The Effect of Complex Formation or Precipitation on Reduction Potentials
- 8.4: Disproportionation Reactions
- 8.5: Potential Diagrams
- 8.6: Frost-Ebsworth Diagrams
- 8.7: The Relationships Between Standard Reduction Potentials and Some Other Quantities
- 8.8: Applications of Redox Reactions to the Extraction of Elements from their Ores
- 9: Non-aqueous Media
- 9.1: Introduction to Non-aqueous Media
- 9.2: Relative Permittivity
- 9.3: Energetics of Ionic Salt Transfer from Water to an Organic Solvent
- 9.4: Acid-Base Behaviour in Non-Aqueous Solvents
- 9.5: Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
- 9.6: Liquid Ammonia
- 9.7: Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride
- 9.8: Sulfuric Acid and Fluorosulfonic Acid
- 9.9: Superacids
- 9.10: Bromine Trifluoride
- 9.11: Dinitrogen Tetraoxide
- 9.12: Ionic Liquids
- 9.13: Supercritical Fluids
- 10: Hydrogen
- 11: Group 1 - Alkali Metals
- 12: Goup 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
- 12.1: Introduction
- 12.2: Occurence, Extraction, and Uses
- 12.3: Physical Properties
- 12.4: The Metals
- 12.5: Halides
- 12.6: Oxides and Hydroxides
- 12.7: Salts of Oxoacids
- 12.8: Complex Ions in Aqueous Solution
- 12.9: Complexes with Amido or Alkoxy Ligands
- 12.10: Diagonal Relationships between Li and Mg, and between Be and Al
- 13: The Group 13 Elements
- 13.1: Introduction to Group 13 Elements
- 13.2: Occurence, Extraction, and Uses
- 13.3: Physical Properties
- 13.4: The Elements
- 13.5: Simple Hydrides
- 13.6: Halides and Complex Halides
- 13.7: Oxides, Oxoacids, Oxoanions, and Hydroxides
- 13.8: Compounds Containing Nitrogen
- 13.9: Aluminium to Thallium - Salts of Oxoacids, Aqueous Solution Chemistry, and Complexes
- 13.10: Metal Borides
- 13.11: Electron-Deficient Borane and Carbaborane Clusters - An Introduction
- 14: The Group 14 Elements
- 14.1: Introduction
- 14.2: Occurence, Extraction, and Uses
- 14.3: Physical Properties
- 14.4: Allotropes of Carbon
- 14.5: Structural and Chemical Properties of Silicon, Germanium, Tin, and Lead
- 14.6: Hydrides
- 14.7: Carbides, Silicides, Germides, Stannides, and Plumbides
- 14.8: Halides and Complex Halides
- 14.9: Oxides, Oxoacids, and Hydroxides
- 14.10: Siloxanes and Polysiloxanes (Silicones)
- 14.11: Sulfides
- 14.12: Cyanogen, Silicon Nitride, and Tin Nitride
- 14.13: Aqueous Solution Chemistry and Salts of Oxoacids of Germanium, Tin, and Lead
- 15: The Group 15 Elements
- 15.1: Introduction
- 15.2: Occurence, Extraction, and Uses
- 15.3: Physical Properties
- 15.4: The Elements
- 15.5: Hydrides
- 15.6: Nitrides, Phosphides, Arsenides, Antimonides, and Bismuthides
- 15.7: Halides, Oxohalides, and Complex Halides
- 15.8: Oxides of Nitrogen
- 15.9: Oxoacids of Nitrogen
- 15.10: Oxides of Phosphorous, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
- 15.11: Oxoacids of Phosphorous
- 15.12: Oxoacids of Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth
- 15.13: Phosphazenes
- 15.14: Sulfides and Selenides
- 15.15: Aqueous Solution Chemistry and Complexes
- 16: The Group 16 Elements
- 16.1: Introduction
- 16.2: Occurrence, Extraction, and Uses
- 16.3: Physical Properties and Bonding Considerations
- 16.4: The Elements
- 16.5: Hydrides
- 16.6: Metal Sulfides, Polysulfides, Polyselenides, and Polytellurides
- 16.7: Halides, Oxohalides, and Complex Halides
- 16.8: Oxides
- 16.9: Oxoacids and their Salts
- 16.9A: Dithionous Acid, \(H_2S_2O_4\)
- 16.9B: Sulfurous and Disulfurous Acids, \(H_2SO_3\) and \(H_2S_2O_5\)
- 16.9C: Dithionic Acid, \(H_2S_2O_6\)
- 16.9D: Sulfuric Acid, \(H_2SO_4\)
- 16.9E: Fluoro- and Chlorosulfonic Acids, \(HSO_3F\) and \(HSO_3Cl\)
- 16.9F: Polyoxoacids with S-O-S Units
- 16.9G: Peroxysulfuric Acids, \(H_2S_2O_8\) and \(H_2SO_5\)
- 16.9H: Thiosulfuric Acid, \(H_2S_2O_3\) , and Polythionates
- 16.9I: Oxoacids of Selenium and Tellurium
- 16.10: Compounds of Sulfur and Selenium with Nitrogen
- 16.11: Aqueous Solution Chemistry of Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium
- 17: The Group 17 Elements
- 17.1: Introduction
- 17.2: Occurrence, Extraction, and Uses
- 17.3: Physical Properties and Bonding Considerations
- 17.4: The Elements
- 17.5: Hydrogen Halides
- 17.6: Metal Halides - Structures and Energetics
- 17.7: Interhalogen Compounds and Polyhalogen Ions
- 17.8: Oxides and Oxofluorides of Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine
- 17.9: Oxoacids and their Salts
- 17.10: Aqueous Solution Chemistry
- 18: The Group 18 Elements
- 19: d-Block Metal Chemistry - General Considerations
- 19.1: Topic Overview
- 19.2: Ground State Electronic Configurations
- 19.3: Physical Properties
- 19.4: The Reactivity of the Metals
- 19.5: Characteristic Properties - A General Perspective
- 19.6: Electroneutrality Principle
- 19.7: Coordination Numbers and Geometries
- 19.7A: The Kepert Model
- 19.7B: Coordination Numbers in the Solid State
- 19.7C: Coordination Number 2
- 19.7D: Coordination Number 3
- 19.7E: Coordination Number 4
- 19.7F: Coordination Number 5
- 19.7G: Coordination Number 6
- 19.7H: Coordination Number 7
- 19.7I: Coordination Number 8
- 19.7J: Coordination Number 9
- 19.7K: Coordination Numbers of 10 and Above
- 19.8: Isomerism in d-block Metal Complexes
- 20: d-Block Metal Chemistry - Coordination Complexes
- 20.1: Introduction
- 20.2: Bonding in d-block Metal Complexes - Valence Bond Theory
- 20.3: Crystal Field Theory
- 20.4: Molecular Orbital Theory - Octahedral Complexes
- 20.5: Ligand Field Theory
- 20.6: Decribing Electrons in Multi-Electron Systems
- 20.7: Electronic Spectra - Absorption
- 20.7A: Spectral Features
- 20.7B: Charge Transfer Absorptions
- 20.7C: Selection Rules
- 20.7D: Electronic Absorption Spectra of Octahedral and Tetrahedral Complexes
- 20.7E: Interpretation of Electronic Absorption Spectra - Use of Racah Parameters
- 20.7F: Interpretation of Electronic Absorption Spectra - Tanabe-Sugano Diagrams
- 20.7G: Help on using Tanabe-Sugano diagrams
- 20.8: Electronic Spectra - Emission
- 20.9: Evidence for Metal-Ligand Covalent Bonding
- 20.10: Magnetic Properties
- 20.11: Thermodynamic Aspects - Ligand Field Stabilization Energies (LFSE)
- 20.12: Thermodynamic Aspects - The Irving-Williams Series
- 20.13: Thermodynamic Aspects - Oxidation States in Aqueous Solutions
- 21: d-Block Metal Chemistry - The First Row Metals
- 21.1: Introduction
- 21.2: Occurrence, Extraction, and Uses
- 21.3: Physical Properties - An Overview
- 21.4: Group 3 - Scandium
- 21.5: Group 4 - Titanium
- 21.6: Group 5 - Vanadium
- 21.7: Group 6 - Chromium
- 21.8: Group 7 - Manganese
- 21.9: Group 8 - Iron
- 21.10: Group 9 - Cobalt
- 21.11: Group 10 - Nickel
- 21.12: Group 11 - Copper
- 21.13: Group 12 - Zinc
- 22: d-Block Metal Chemistry - The Heavier Metals
- 22.1: Introduction to d-Block Metal Chemistry
- 22.2: Occurrence, Extraction, and Uses
- 22.3: Physical Properties
- 22.4: Group 3 - Yttrium
- 22.5: Group 4 - Zirconium and Hafnium
- 22.6: Group 5 - Niobium and Tantalum
- 22.7: Group 6 - Molybdenum and Tungsten
- 22.8: Group 7 - Technetium and Rhenium
- 22.9: Group 8 - Ruthenium and Osmium
- 22.10: Group 9 - Rhodium and Iridium
- 22.11: Group 10 - Palladium and Platinum
- 22.12: Group 11 - Silver and Gold
- 22.13: Group 12 - Cadmium and Mercury
- 23: Organometallic chemistry: s-Block and p-Block Elements
- 24: Organometallic chemistry: d-block elements
- 24.1: Introduction
- 24.2: Common Types of Ligand - Bonding and Spectroscopy
- 24.3: The 18-electron Rule
- 24.4: Metal Carbonyls - Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Structure
- 24.5: The Isolobal Principle and Application of Wade's Rules
- 24.6: Total Valence Electron Counts in d-block Organometallic Clusters
- 24.7: Types of Organometallic Reactions
- 24.8: Metal Carbonyls - Selected Reactions
- 24.9: Metal Carbonyl Hydrides and Halides
- 24.10: Alkyl, Aryl, Alkene, and Alkyne Complexes
- 24.11: Allyl and Buta-1,3-diene Complexes
- 24.12: Carbene and Carbyne Complexes
- 24.13: Complexes Containing \(\eta^5\)-cyclopentadienyl Ligands
- 24.14: Complexes Containing \(\eta^6\)- and \(\eta^7\)-ligands
- 24.15: Complexes Containing the \(\eta^4\)-cyclobutadiene Ligand
- 24.16: Transition Metal Complexes
- 25: Catalysis and some industrial processes
- 25.1: Introduction and Definitions
- 25.2: Catalysis - Introductory Concepts
- 25.3: Homogeneous Catalysis - Alkene (Olefin) and Alkyne Metathesis
- 25.4: Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of \(N_2\) to \(NH_3\)
- 25.5: Homogeneous Catalysis - Industrial Applications
- 25.6: Homogeneous Catalyst Development
- 25.7: Heterogeneous Catalysis - Surfaces and Interactions with Adsorbates
- 25.8: Heterogeneous Catalysis - Commercial Applications
- 25.9: Heterogeneous Catalysis - Organometallic Cluster Models
- 26: d-Block Metal Complexes: Reaction Mechanisms
- 27: f-Block Metals: Lanthanides and Actinides
- 27.1: Introduction
- 27.2: f-Orbitals and Oxidation States
- 27.3: Atoms and Ion Sizes
- 27.4: Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties
- 27.5: Sources of the Lanthanoids and Actinoids
- 27.6: Lanthanoid Metals
- 27.7: Inorganic Compounds and Coordination Complexes of the Lanthanoids
- 27.8: Organometallic Complexes of the Lanthanoids
- 27.9: The Actinoid Metals
- 27.10: Inorganic Compounds and Coordination Complexes of Thorium, Uranium, and Plutonium
- 27.11: Organometallic Complexes of Thorium and Uranium
- 28: Inorganic materials and nanotechnology
- 29: The trace metals of life
Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior ofinorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds (carbon based compounds, usually containing C-H bonds), which are the subjects of organic chemistry.
1: Basic Concepts: Atoms
2: Basic Concepts: Molecules
3: Introduction to Molecular Symmetry
4: Experimental Techniques
5: Bonding in Polyatomic Molecules
6: Structures and Energetics of Metallic and Ionic solids
7: Acids, bases and ions in aqueous solution
8: Reduction and Oxidation
9: Non-aqueous Media
10: Hydrogen
11: Group 1 - Alkali Metals
12: Goup 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
13: The Group 13 Elements
14: The Group 14 Elements
15: The Group 15 Elements
16: The Group 16 Elements
17: The Group 17 Elements
18: The Group 18 Elements
19: d-Block Metal Chemistry - General Considerations
20: d-Block Metal Chemistry - Coordination Complexes
21: d-Block Metal Chemistry - The First Row Metals
22: d-Block Metal Chemistry - The Heavier Metals
23: Organometallic chemistry: s-Block and p-Block Elements
24: Organometallic chemistry: d-block elements
25: Catalysis and some industrial processes
26: d-Block Metal Complexes: Reaction Mechanisms
27: f-Block Metals: Lanthanides and Actinides
28: Inorganic materials and nanotechnology
29: The trace metals of life
Thumbnail: The ball-and-stick model of diisobutylaluminium hydride, showing aluminium as pink, carbon as black, and hydrogen as white. Image used with permission (Public Domain; Benjah-bmm27).