19: Spontaneous Change: Entropy and Gibbs Energy
- Page ID
- 11744
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- 19.1: Spontaneity: The Meaning of Spontaneous Change
- Chemical and physical processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under certain conditions. A spontaneous process occurs without the need for a continual input of energy from some external source, while a nonspontaneous process requires such. Systems undergoing a spontaneous process may or may not experience a gain or loss of energy, but they will experience a change in the way matter and/or energy is distributed within the system.
- 19.8: Coupled Reactions
- Two (or more) reactions may be combined such that a spontaneous reaction may be made 'drive' an nonspontaneous one. Such reactions may be considered coupled. Changes in Gibbs energy of the coupled reactions are additive.