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3.1: Bonding in compounds
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Covalent and ionic bonds that hold atoms together in molecules are described. Representing a compound by formula and properties of the compounds are also introduced.
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3.2: Naming binary ionic compounds
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Naming cations, anions, and binary ionic compounds are described. Writing the formulae from the names of the ionic compounds is also described.
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3.3: Polyatomic ions and their compounds
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Polyatomic ions, their nomenclature, the name of the compounds containing polyatomic ions, and the writing formulae of these compounds from their names are described.
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3.4: Naming acids
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The nomenclature of acids that do not contain oxyanions and those containing oxyanions is described.
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3.5: Naming binary covalent compounds
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Nomenclature of binary covalent compounds, i.e., writing names from formulae and writing formulae from the names are described.
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3.6: Lewis structures of molecules
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A systematic procedure for writing Lewis structures of compounds and exceptions to the octet rule are discribed.
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3.7: Molecular shapes –Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory
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The 3D shapes of molecules are explained on the basis of valence shell electron pair repulsion theory.
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3.8: Polarity of molecules
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The polarity of molecules based on polar bonds and vector addition of the polarity vectors of the bonds in a molecule are described.
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3.9: Intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces
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Intramolecular forces, i.e., ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, and intermolecular forces based on electrostatic interactions between permanent or transient dipoles, and hydrogen bonding are described.