Elementary Organic Chemistry (Lab Manual)
- Page ID
- 506231
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- LAB 0 - LAB SAFETY ORIENTATION
- This section outlines Triton College's lab safety protocols, including orientation videos, a mandatory Student Safety Contract, and a Lab Safety Quiz. Strict enforcement of these rules is in place, and violations may result in removal from the lab. The resources provided aim to enhance students' understanding and adherence to safety practices in laboratory settings.
- LAB 1- ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- This lab outlines an experiment to find the melting point of benzoic acid and the boiling point of acetone, helping identify substances. It includes safety precautions, required materials, and instructions for using a melting point apparatus and a distillation setup. Students will do pre-lab preparation, analyze data, and review afterward to improve their understanding of organic compounds through their physical properties.
- LAB 2 - PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF HYDROCARBONS
- This lab examines an experiment on hydrocarbons, focusing on their structures, naming conventions, physical properties, and reactions. It categorizes hydrocarbons into saturated and unsaturated types, involving drawing their structures, performing various chemical reactions, and conducting tests to determine their saturation. The document includes safety precautions, required materials, procedural steps, and assessment questions.
- LAB 3 - ALCOHOLS AND AMINES
- This lab describes an experiment involving alcohols and amines, focusing on their structures, classifications, and chemical reactions. It includes safety guidelines and procedures for various tests, such as oxidation reactions with chromic acid and potassium permanganate, as well as tests for acidity and basicity. Observations and analyses of unknown compounds are required, along with questions about intermolecular forces and boiling points.
- LAB 4 - ALDEHYDES AND KETONES
- This lab details an experiment on aldehydes and ketones, covering their structures, properties, and identification methods using chemical tests like Benedict’s and the iodoform test. It includes safety guidelines and procedures for testing solubility and performing reactions.
- LAB 5 - CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES
- This lab covers experiments on carboxylic acids, esters, and amides, emphasizing their structures, reactions, and properties. Activities include naming chemical structures, exploring solubility and pH, and performing reactions such as bicarbonate interactions, ester formation, and hydrolysis of esters and amides.
- LAB 6 - SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF ASPRIN
- This lab describes an experiment to synthesize aspirin from salicylic acid and acetic anhydride, evaluating its purity through melting point analysis, TLC, IR spectroscopy, and FeCl3 testing for impurities. The procedure uses a strong acid catalyst and emphasizes safety because of the hazardous chemicals involved.
- LAB 7 - IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN COMPOUND
- This lab describes an experiment to identify an unknown organic compound by measuring boiling point, density, pH, and solubility, along with chemical tests such as the Chromic Acid and Ferric Chloride tests. It emphasizes safety procedures. After testing, students must analyze their data and answer post-lab questions about the structure, physical properties, and the reliability of their identification, considering the need for further testing for conclusive results.
- LAB 8 - MOLECULAR MODELS (Stereochemistry)
- This dry lab activity explores a laboratory method for studying stereochemistry through 3D printing. It includes identifying and classifying isomers using sketches and 3D models created with software like Jmol and Ultimaker CURA. The process involves preparing models, ensuring proper support, and generating G-code for printing.
- LAB 9 - TESTS FOR CARBOHYDRATES
- This lab details an experiment focused on the physical and chemical properties of carbohydrates, classifying them as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides, and identifying unknown samples through various tests like Molisch's, Benedict's, and Iodine tests. It explains hydrolysis processes, safety measures, and provides a structured procedure for conducting tests while observing reactions and recording results.
- LAB 10 - SYNTHESIS OF SOAP
- This lab describes an experiment on soap making through saponification, emphasizing the amphipathic properties of soap molecules that facilitate emulsification and cleaning. It outlines the procedure, including soap synthesis and property testing, while highlighting safety precautions with chemicals. A post-lab discussion covers the structure and effectiveness of soap, the influence of factors like hard water, and potential modifications for future experiments.
- LAB 11 - SYNTHESIS OF HAND LOTION
- This lab details the synthesis of a basic hand lotion, explaining the composition and chemistry of emulsions. It highlights key ingredients, including both polar and non-polar components, and stresses safety, necessary equipment, and procedures for synthesis and testing. The document also covers methods for assessing the lotion’s pH, stability, and spreadability, along with post-lab questions that evaluate appearance, ingredient functions, and possible formulation improvements.
- LAB 12 - ISOLATION OF MILK PROTEIN (CASEIN)
- This lab outlines a procedure for isolating casein from milk through acid precipitation at pH 4.6. The process involves warming skim milk, adding acetic acid, and filtering to collect casein, with safety precautions for handling acetic acid. It includes tests such as the Biuret test to verify the presence of casein, aiming to analyze protein chemistry, measure yield, and explore casein's uses, while also discussing factors that affect isolation efficiency.