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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Book%3A_General_Chemistry%3A_Principles_Patterns_and_Applications_(Averill)/11%3A_Fluids/11.04%3A_Vapor_PressureFigure 11.4.2 Vapor Pressure (a) When a liquid is introduced into an evacuated chamber, molecules with sufficient kinetic energy escape from the surface and enter the vapor phase, causing the pressure...Figure 11.4.2 Vapor Pressure (a) When a liquid is introduced into an evacuated chamber, molecules with sufficient kinetic energy escape from the surface and enter the vapor phase, causing the pressure in the chamber to increase. (b) When sufficient molecules are in the vapor phase for a given temperature, the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation (a steady state is reached), and the pressure in the container becomes constant.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.E%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry-_HomeworkEnd of chapter homework problems for Chapter \PageIndex1.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_2000%3A_Chemistry_for_Engineers_(Sinex)/Unit_7%3A_Nuclear_Chemistry/Chapter_18%3A_Nuclear_Chemistry/Chapter_18.7%3A_End_of_Chapter_MaterialHow would the biological damage of each particle compare with the other types of radiation? (Recall that a neutron’s mass is approximately 2000 times the mass of an electron.) Potassium-40 is the leas...How would the biological damage of each particle compare with the other types of radiation? (Recall that a neutron’s mass is approximately 2000 times the mass of an electron.) Potassium-40 is the least abundant, and it is radioactive, decaying to argon-40, a stable, nonradioactive isotope, by the emission of a β particle with a half-life of precisely 1.25 × 10 9 yr.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_2000%3A_Chemistry_for_Engineers_(Sinex)/Unit_5%3A_Kinetics_and_Equilibria/Chapter_14%3A_Chemical_Equilibrium/Chapter_14.7%3A_End_of_Chapter_MaterialsThe dissolution of Na 2 SO 4 in water produces the equilibrium reaction SO 4 2− (aq) + H 2 O(l) ⇌ HSO 4 − (aq)+OH − (aq) with K = 8.33 × 10 −13 . What is the concentration of OH − in a solution formed...The dissolution of Na 2 SO 4 in water produces the equilibrium reaction SO 4 2− (aq) + H 2 O(l) ⇌ HSO 4 − (aq)+OH − (aq) with K = 8.33 × 10 −13 . What is the concentration of OH − in a solution formed from the dissolution of 1.00 g of sodium sulfate to make 150.0 mL of aqueous solution?
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Saint_Francis_University/CHEM_113%3A_Human_Chemistry_I_(Muino)/08%3A_Gases_Liquids_and_Solids/8.08%3A_The_Combined_Gas_LawLearning Objectives To understand the relationships among pressure, temperature, volume, and the amount of a gas. Contributors Anonymous Modified by Joshua Halpern Thumbnail from Wikimedia
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock/Chem_1402%3A_General_Chemistry_1_(Belford)/Text/11%3A_Intermolecular_Forces_and_Liquids/11.3%3A_Dipole-Dipole_Forces11.2.1 (ion/ion) and 11.2.2 (ion-dipole), and it becomes clear that the dipole-dipole forces are even shorter range. (remember μ =qd, where q is the |(δ +/- )| of the dipole, and d is the distan...11.2.1 (ion/ion) and 11.2.2 (ion-dipole), and it becomes clear that the dipole-dipole forces are even shorter range. (remember μ =qd, where q is the |(δ +/- )| of the dipole, and d is the distance between δ + and δ − . This is further weaker because the magnitude in the charge is a partial charge and less than 1, while the charge in an ion is +/- 1, 2,3...(an integer multiple of 1).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.02%3A_MeasurementsMeasurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry. Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty. Measurements can be repr...Measurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry. Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty. Measurements can be represented in either decimal or scientific notation. Scientists primarily use the SI (International System) or metric systems. We use base SI units such as meters, seconds, and kilograms, as well as derived units, such as liters (for volume) and g/cm3 (for density).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Chemistry_101A/Topic_C%3A_Gas_Laws_and_Kinetic_Molecular_Theory/05%3A_Gases/5.11%3A_Molecular_Effusion_and_DiffusionDiffusion is the gradual mixing of gases to form a sample of uniform composition even in the absence of mechanical agitation. In contrast, effusion is the escape of a gas from a container through a ti...Diffusion is the gradual mixing of gases to form a sample of uniform composition even in the absence of mechanical agitation. In contrast, effusion is the escape of a gas from a container through a tiny opening into an evacuated space. The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass (Graham’s law), a relationship that closely approximates the rate of diffusion. As a result, light gases tend to diffuse and effuse much more rapidly than heavier gases.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_2000%3A_Chemistry_for_Engineers_(Sinex)/Unit_4%3A_Nomenclature_and_Reactions/Chapter_11%3A_Stoichiometry/Chapter_11.6%3A__Types_of_Chemical_ReactionsChemical processes in industry rely heavily on the use of catalysts, which are usually added to a reaction mixture in trace amounts, and most biological reactions do not take place without a biologica...Chemical processes in industry rely heavily on the use of catalysts, which are usually added to a reaction mixture in trace amounts, and most biological reactions do not take place without a biological catalyst or enzymeCatalysts that occur naturally in living organisms and catalyze biological reactions.. Examples of catalyzed reactions in industry are the use of platinum in petroleum cracking and reforming, the reaction of SO 2 and O 2 in the presence of V 2 O 5 to produce SO 3 in the industri…
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_2000%3A_Chemistry_for_Engineers_(Sinex)/Unit_3%3A_States_of_Matter/Chapter_7%3A_Fluids/Chapter_11.06%3A_Critical_Temperature_and_PressureThis temperature is the critical temperature (T c )The highest temperature at which a substance can exist as a liquid, regardless of the applied pressure., the highest temperature at which a substance...This temperature is the critical temperature (T c )The highest temperature at which a substance can exist as a liquid, regardless of the applied pressure., the highest temperature at which a substance can exist as a liquid. The combination of critical temperature and critical pressure is called the critical pointThe combination of the critical temperature and the critical pressure of a substance.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/CHEM_2000%3A_Chemistry_for_Engineers_(Sinex)/Unit_3%3A_States_of_Matter/Chapter_8%3A_Solids/Chapter_8._10%3A_End_of_Chapter_MaterialIf you wanted to increase the efficiency of an LED display, and thereby the intensity of the emitted light, would you increase or decrease the operating temperature of the LED? Would you expect the me...If you wanted to increase the efficiency of an LED display, and thereby the intensity of the emitted light, would you increase or decrease the operating temperature of the LED? Would you expect the melting point of a glass to be higher or lower than that of pure SiO 2 ? Lead glass, a particular favorite of the Romans, was formed by adding lead oxide as the modifier.
