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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/CSU_Chico/CHEM_107_-_General_Chemistry_for_Applied_Sciences/CHEM_107_General_Chemistry_for_Applied_Sciences/13%3A_Acid-Base_Equilibria/13.1%3A_Br%C3%B8nsted-Lowry_Acids_and_BasesCompounds that donate a proton (a hydrogen ion) to another compound is called a Brønsted-Lowry acid. The compound that accepts the proton is called a Brønsted-Lowry base. The species remaining after a...Compounds that donate a proton (a hydrogen ion) to another compound is called a Brønsted-Lowry acid. The compound that accepts the proton is called a Brønsted-Lowry base. The species remaining after a Brønsted-Lowry acid has lost a proton is the conjugate base of the acid. The species formed when a Brønsted-Lowry base gains a proton is the conjugate acid of the base. Amphiprotic species can act as both proton donors and proton acceptors. Water is the most important amphiprotic species.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Chem1_(Lower)/07%3A_Solids_and_Liquids/7.01%3A_Matter_under_the_MicroscopeGases, liquids, and especially solids surround us and give form to our world. Chemistry at its most fundamental level is about atoms and the forces that act between them to form larger structural unit...Gases, liquids, and especially solids surround us and give form to our world. Chemistry at its most fundamental level is about atoms and the forces that act between them to form larger structural units. But the matter that we experience with our senses is far removed from this level. This unit will help you see how these macroscopic properties of matter depend on the microscopic particles of which it is composed.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.E%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry-_HomeworkEnd of chapter homework problems for Chapter \(\PageIndex{1}\).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/City_College_of_San_Francisco/Foundations_-_Review_Source_for_Chem_101A/03%3A_Composition_of_Substances_and_Solutions/3.0E%3A_3.E%3A_Composition_of_Substances_and_Solutions_(Exercises)These are homework exercises to accompany the Textmap created for "Chemistry" by OpenStax.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/11%3A_Appendices/11.07%3A_Units_and_Conversion_Factors= 0.001 m 3 (exact, definition) = 1000 cm 3 (exact, definition) = 1.057 (US) quarts = 32 (US) liquid ounces (exact, definition) = 0.25 (US) gallon (exact, definition) = 0.9463 L = N m –2 (exact, defin...= 0.001 m 3 (exact, definition) = 1000 cm 3 (exact, definition) = 1.057 (US) quarts = 32 (US) liquid ounces (exact, definition) = 0.25 (US) gallon (exact, definition) = 0.9463 L = N m –2 (exact, definition) = kg m –1 s –2 (exact, definition) = 760 mm Hg (exact, definition) = 760 torr (exact, definition) = 101,325 N m –2 (exact, definition) = 101,325 Pa (exact, definition) = 10 5 Pa (exact, definition) = 10 5 kg m –1 s –2 (exact, definition)
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/01%3A_Essential_Ideas_of_Chemistry/1.02%3A_MeasurementsMeasurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry. Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty. Measurements can be repr...Measurements provide quantitative information that is critical in studying and practicing chemistry. Each measurement has an amount, a unit for comparison, and an uncertainty. Measurements can be represented in either decimal or scientific notation. Scientists primarily use the SI (International System) or metric systems. We use base SI units such as meters, seconds, and kilograms, as well as derived units, such as liters (for volume) and g/cm3 (for density).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Spectroscopy/Rotational_SpectroscopyRotational spectroscopy is concerned with the measurement of the energies of transitions between quantized rotational states of molecules in the gas phase. The spectra of polar molecules can be measur...Rotational spectroscopy is concerned with the measurement of the energies of transitions between quantized rotational states of molecules in the gas phase. The spectra of polar molecules can be measured in absorption or emission by microwave spectroscopy or by far infrared spectroscopy.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Quantum_Tutorials_(Rioux)/03%3A_Chemical_Bonding/3.29%3A_A_Numerical_Huckel_MO_Calculation_on_C60\[ \begin{matrix} i = 1 .. 15 & E_i & i = 16 .. 30 & E_i & i = 31 .. 45 & E_i & i = 46 .. 60 & E_i \\ ~ & \begin{array}{|c|} \hline -3 \\ \hline -2.757 \\ \hline -2.757 \\ \hline -2.757 \\ \hline -2.3...\[ \begin{matrix} i = 1 .. 15 & E_i & i = 16 .. 30 & E_i & i = 31 .. 45 & E_i & i = 46 .. 60 & E_i \\ ~ & \begin{array}{|c|} \hline -3 \\ \hline -2.757 \\ \hline -2.757 \\ \hline -2.757 \\ \hline -2.303 \\ \hline -2.303 \\ \hline -2.303 \\ \hline -2.303 \\ \hline -2.303 \\ \hline -1.82 \\ \hline -1.82 \\ \hline -1.82 \\ \hline -1.562 \\ \hline -1.562 \\ \hline -1.562 \\ \hline \end{array} & ~ & \begin{array}{|c|} \hline -1.562 \\ \hline -1 \\ \hline -1 \\ \hline -1 \\ \hline -1 \\ \hline -1 \\ …
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/DeVoes_Thermodynamics_and_Chemistry/05%3A_Thermodynamic_Potentials/5.07%3A_Surface_WorkIdentifying the coefficient of the last term on the right side as a partial derivative, we find the following expression for the surface tension: \begin{equation} \g = \Pd{G}{A\subs{s}}{T,p} \tag{5.7....Identifying the coefficient of the last term on the right side as a partial derivative, we find the following expression for the surface tension: \begin{equation} \g = \Pd{G}{A\subs{s}}{T,p} \tag{5.7.3} \end{equation} That is, the surface tension is not only a force per unit length, but also a Gibbs energy per unit area.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Widener_University/Widener_University%3A_Chem_135/09%3A_Advanced_Theories_of_Covalent_Bonding/9.02%3A_Multiple_BondsMultiple bonds consist of a σ bond located along the axis between two atoms and one or two π bonds. The σ bonds are usually formed by the overlap of hybridized atomic orbitals, while the π bonds are f...Multiple bonds consist of a σ bond located along the axis between two atoms and one or two π bonds. The σ bonds are usually formed by the overlap of hybridized atomic orbitals, while the π bonds are formed by the side-by-side overlap of unhybridized orbitals. Resonance occurs when there are multiple unhybridized orbitals with the appropriate alignment to overlap, so the placement of π bonds can vary.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/General_Chemistry_Supplement_(Eames)/Quantum_Chemistry/Particle_in_a_Boxwhere H is the Hamiltonian operator, which finds the total energy of the system E. (This approach uses the linear algebra concept of an eigenfunction and eigenstate, but don't worry if you don't know ...where H is the Hamiltonian operator, which finds the total energy of the system E. (This approach uses the linear algebra concept of an eigenfunction and eigenstate, but don't worry if you don't know what these are.) Kinetic energy KE is given by The kinetic energy is calculated using the equation above, using the square of the momentum operator (thus, the first derivative in the momentum operator becomes a second derivative when the operator is squared).
