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Organic Chemistry (Morsch et al.)
19: Aldehydes and Ketones- Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

19: Aldehydes and Ketones- Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

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Sep 16, 2021
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- 18.S: Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides (Summary)
- 19.0: Chapter Objectives and Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry

Steven Farmer & Dietmar Kennepohl
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19.0: Chapter Objectives and Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry
19.1: Naming Aldehydes and Ketones
19.2: Preparing Aldehydes and Ketones
19.3: Oxidation of Aldehydes and Ketones
19.4: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
19.5: Nucleophilic Addition of Water - Hydration
19.6: Nucleophilic Addition of HCN - Cyanohydrin Formation
19.7: Nucleophilic Addition of Hydride and Grignard Reagents - Alcohol Formation
19.8: Nucleophilic Addition of Amines - Imine and Enamine Formation
The nucleophilic addition of amines involves reacting primary or secondary amines with carbonyl compounds like aldehydes or ketones. This forms imines (with primary amines) or enamines (with secondary amines) along with water as a byproduct. These reactions are crucial in organic synthesis for building carbon-nitrogen bonds and creating various functional groups.
19.9: Nucleophilic Addition of Hydrazine - The Wolff-Kishner Reaction
Aldehydes and ketones can be converted to a hydrazone derivative by reaction with hydrazine. Hydrazone formation is a variation of the imine forming reaction discussed in the previous section.
19.10: Nucleophilic Addition of Alcohols - Acetal Formation
In this organic chemistry topic, we shall see how alcohols (R-OH) add to carbonyl groups.
19.11: Nucleophilic Addition of Phosphorus Ylides - The Wittig Reaction
19.12: Biological Reductions
19.13: Conjugate Nucleophilic Addition to α, β-unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones
19.14: Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones
This page provides an overview of the spectral characteristics of aldehydes and ketones, focusing on infrared (IR) spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, mass spectra, and electronic absorption spectra. It guides on identifying key regions in these spectra for carbonyl, aldehydic protons, and ??-carbon protons.
19.S: Aldehydes and Ketones (Summary)

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