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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/03%3A_Organic_Compounds-_Alkanes_and_Their_Stereochemistry/3.00%3A_Chapter_Objectives
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/29%3A_Orbitals_and_Organic_Chemistry_-_Pericyclic_Reactions/29.06%3A_Stereochemistry_of_CycloadditionsFrontier orbital theory can be used to predict if a given cycloaddition will occur with suprafacial or with antarafacial geometry. In a standard Diels-Alder reaction, bonding interactions are created ...Frontier orbital theory can be used to predict if a given cycloaddition will occur with suprafacial or with antarafacial geometry. In a standard Diels-Alder reaction, bonding interactions are created when the electron containing HOMO of the diene donates electrons to the electron vacant LUMO of the other the dienophile. The dienophile has one pi bond, so it will use the pi MOs for a 2 atom system.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/08%3A_Alkenes-_Reactions_and_Synthesis/8.07%3A_Oxidation_of_Alkenes_-_Epoxidation_and_HydroxylationOxacyclopropane rings, also called epoxide rings, are useful reagents that may be opened by further reaction to form anti vicinal diols. One way to synthesize oxacyclopropane rings is through the reac...Oxacyclopropane rings, also called epoxide rings, are useful reagents that may be opened by further reaction to form anti vicinal diols. One way to synthesize oxacyclopropane rings is through the reaction of an alkene with peroxycarboxylic acid.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/zz%3A_Back_Matter/21%3A_Detailed_Licensing
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/07%3A_Alkenes-_Structure_and_Reactivity/7.12%3A_Evidence_for_the_Mechanism_of_Electrophilic_Additions_-_Carbocation_RearrangementsWhenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one ...Whenever possible, carbocations will rearrange from a less stable isomer to a more stable isomer. This rearrangement can be achieved by either a hydride shift, where a hydrogen atom migrates from one carbon atom to the next, taking a pair of electrons with it; or an alkyl shift, in which an alkyl group undergoes a similar migration, again taking a bonding pair of electrons with it. These migrations usually occur between neighboring carbon atoms.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/08%3A_Alkenes-_Reactions_and_Synthesis/8.S%3A_Alkenes_-_Reactions_and_Synthesis_(Summary)This causes the hydroxide to be added to the more substituted carbon of the original alkene and the halogen to add to the less substituted carbon. Electrophilic hydration is the addition of water to a...This causes the hydroxide to be added to the more substituted carbon of the original alkene and the halogen to add to the less substituted carbon. Electrophilic hydration is the addition of water to an alkene with one carbon adding a hydrogen and the other carbon a hydroxide. Addition of water to alkenes which also contain a stereocenter does not lead to a 50:50 mixture of R and S products as the chiral center can reduce reactivity from one side of the carbocation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/02%3A_Polar_Covalent_Bonds_Acids_and_Bases/2.S%3A_Polar_Covalent_Bonds_Acids_and_Bases_(Summary)Options #3 and #4 yield conjugate acids with delocalized charges.This illustrates a key point: For atoms that can't have an expanded octet, atoms with a lone pair and no pi bond will accept a proton a...Options #3 and #4 yield conjugate acids with delocalized charges.This illustrates a key point: For atoms that can't have an expanded octet, atoms with a lone pair and no pi bond will accept a proton and yield a localized charge in the conjugate acid while atoms with both a lone pair and a pi bond will accept a proton and yield a delocalized charge in the conjugate acid.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/22%3A_Carbonyl_Alpha-Substitution_Reactions/22.07%3A_Alkylation_of_Enolate_IonsThe mechanism occurs via a concerted mechanism involving a proton transfer between the carboxyl acid hydrogen and the nearby carbonyl group to form the enol of a carboxylic acid and CO 2 . The enol un...The mechanism occurs via a concerted mechanism involving a proton transfer between the carboxyl acid hydrogen and the nearby carbonyl group to form the enol of a carboxylic acid and CO 2 . The enol undergoes tautomerization to form the carboxylic acid. In a variation of the dialkylation reaction - if one molar equivalent of malonic ester is reacted with one molar equivalent of a dihaloalkane and two molar equivalents of sodium ethoxide, a cyclization reaction occurs.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/16%3A_Chemistry_of_Benzene_-_Electrophilic_Aromatic_SubstitutionIn the preceding chapter, you studied the concept of aromaticity and spent considerable time on the theoretical aspects of the chemistry of aromatic compounds. We will discuss, in detail, the mechanis...In the preceding chapter, you studied the concept of aromaticity and spent considerable time on the theoretical aspects of the chemistry of aromatic compounds. We will discuss, in detail, the mechanism of electrophilic substitution, paying particular attention to the factors that determine both the rate and position of substitution in those aromatic compounds which already have one or more substituents present in the aromatic ring.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/09%3A_Alkynes_-_An_Introduction_to_Organic_Synthesisdesign multistep syntheses using any of the reactions introduced to this point, and determine the viability of a given synthesis. This chapter discusses an important difference between (terminal) alky...design multistep syntheses using any of the reactions introduced to this point, and determine the viability of a given synthesis. This chapter discusses an important difference between (terminal) alkynes and alkenes, that is, the acidity of the former; it also addresses the problem of devising organic syntheses. Once you have completed this chapter you will have increased the number of organic reactions in your repertoire, and should be able to design much more elaborate multistep syntheses.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/25%3A_Biomolecules-_Carbohydrates/25.02%3A_Depicting_Carbohydrate_Stereochemistry_-_Fischer_ProjectionsThe wedge and dash notations we have been using are effective for drawing three-dimensional configurations on a two-dimensional surface,, but can be troublesome when applied to compounds having many c...The wedge and dash notations we have been using are effective for drawing three-dimensional configurations on a two-dimensional surface,, but can be troublesome when applied to compounds having many chiral centers. Emil Fischer devised a simple notation that is still widely used. Fischer Projections allow us to represent 3D molecular structures in a 2D environment without changing their properties and/or structural integrity.
