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Catalyst Examples

Last updated

Jun 30, 2023
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- 5. Examples of Other Catalytic Reactions in Organic Chemistry
- Buchwald-Hartwig Amination

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Topic hierarchy

Buchwald-Hartwig Amination
Buchwald-Hartwig amination is a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of amines and aryl halides that results in formation of C-N bonds.
Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
Cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) is the class of reaction leading to the formation of C-C or C-N bond directly from two unmodified C-H bonds (C-C bond formation) or C-H and N-H bonds (C-N bond formation).
Heck Reaction
The Heck reaction is a famous chemical reaction discovered by Mizoroki and Heck in 1972 through independent research. It involves the cross-coupling reaction between organohalides and alkenes, these two substances react in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base to form a substituted alkene.
Hydroamination
Hydroamination is a reaction that involves the addition of a hydrogen and an amino group across an unsaturated C-C bond, such as that in alkenes or in alkynes. It is a form of hydrofunctionalization with the functional group being an amine or amino derivative.
Hydrosilylation
Hydrosilylation, also known as hydrosilation, is one of the most useful catalytic reactions leading to the formation of organsilanes and organosilicones, which have a variety of applications in industry and as intermediates in organic chemistry.
Olefin Metathesis
Metathesis is the exchange of atoms or functional groups in the substrates and the rearrangement of their matching partners to form new compounds. Simple examples were well-studied in traditional inorganic chemistry, but their analogs in organic reactions were vague and hard to proceed without suitable catalysts.
Olefin Polymerization with Ziegler-Natta Catalyst
A typical ZN catalyst system usually contains two parts: a transition metal (Group IV metals, like Ti, Zr, Hf) compound and an organoaluminum compound (co-catalyst). The common examples of ZN catalyst systems include TiCl4 + Et3Al and TiCl3 + AlEt2Cl.
Sonogashira Coupling
The Sonogashira reaction (also called the Sonogashira-Hagihara reaction) is the cross coupling of aryl or vinyl halides with terminal alkynes to generate conjugated enynes and arylalkynes. The reaction typically proceeds in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst, a copper(I) cocatalyst, and an imine base. Alternative procedures describe Sonogashira coupling reactions performed without the Cu(I) cocatalyst.
Stille Coupling
The Stille reaction is a palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reaction. Heavily used in organic synthesis, it involves the coupling of an organic halide with an organotic compound.
Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling
Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (or Suzuki coupling) is a metal catalyzed reaction, typically with Pd, between an alkenyl (vinyl), aryl, or alkynyl organoborane (boronic acid or boronic ester, or special cases with aryl trifluoroborane) and halide or triflate under basic conditions. This reaction is used to create carbon-carbon bonds to produce conjugated systems of alkenes, styrenes, or biaryl compounds.

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