15: Molecular Luminescence
- Page ID
- 333368
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- 15.1: Theory of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
- The use of molecular fluorescence for qualitative analysis and for semi-quantitative analysis dates to the early to mid 1800s, with more accurate quantitative methods appearing in the 1920s. Although the discovery of phosphorescence preceded that of fluorescence by almost 200 years, qualitative and quantitative applications of molecular phosphorescence did not receive much attention until after the development of fluorescence instrumentation.
- 15.2: Instruments for Measuring Fluorescence and Phosphorescence
- The basic instrumentation for monitoring fluorescence and phosphorescence—a source of radiation, a means of selecting a narrow band of radiation, and a detector—are the same as those for absorption spectroscopy. The unique demands of fluorescence and phosphorescence, however, require some modifications to the instrument designs discussed in Chapters 7, 13, and 14, such as the filter photometer, the single-beam spectrophotometer, the double-beam spectrophotometer, and the diode array spectrometer
- 15.3: Applications and Photoluminescence methods
- Molecular fluorescence phosphorescence are used for the direct or indirect quantitative analysis of analytes in a variety of matrices. A direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte’s fluorescent or phosphorescent quantum yield is favorable. If the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable, then an indirect analysis may be feasible. The application of fluorescence and phosphorescence to inorganic and organic analytes are considered in this
- 15.4: Chemiluminscence
- The focus of this chapter has been on molecular luminescence methods in which emission from the analyte's excited state is achieved following its absorption of a photon. An exothermic reaction may also serve as a source of energy. In chemiluminescence the analyte is raised to a higher-energy state by means of a chemical reaction, emitting characteristic radiation when it returns to a lower-energy state.
- 15.5: Evaluation of Molecular Luminescence
- A summary of the strengths and limitations of molecular luminescence.