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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/03%3A_Operational_Amplifiers_in_Chemical_Instrumentation_(TBD)/3.04%3A_Application_of_Operational_Amplifiers_to_Mathematical_OperationsThe circuit for comparing two voltages is an example of using an operational amplifier to complete a mathematical operation. In this section we will examine several additional examples of mathematical...The circuit for comparing two voltages is an example of using an operational amplifier to complete a mathematical operation. In this section we will examine several additional examples of mathematical operations completed using operational amplifiers.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/01%3A_Introduction/1.03%3A_Instruments_For_AnalysisThe basic components of an instrument include a probe that interacts with the sample, an input transducer that converts the sample's chemical and/or physical properties into an electrical signal, a si...The basic components of an instrument include a probe that interacts with the sample, an input transducer that converts the sample's chemical and/or physical properties into an electrical signal, a signal processor that converts the electrical signal into a form that an output transducer can convert into a numerical or visual output that we can understand. In this section we develop a common vocabulary that we can use in later chapters.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/10%3A_Spectroscopic_Methods/10.10%3A_Additional_ResourcesThe page provides a comprehensive overview of various experiments in spectroscopy targeted at students, organized into categories such as UV/Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, atomic absorption and em...The page provides a comprehensive overview of various experiments in spectroscopy targeted at students, organized into categories such as UV/Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, atomic absorption and emission, fluorescence and phosphorescence, and signal averaging.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Western_Washington_University/Biophysical_Chemistry_(Smirnov_and_McCarty)/05%3A_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_(NMR)_Spectroscopy_-_Introduction/5.04%3A_Fourier_Transformation_(FT)-_from_an_FID_to_a_SpectrumThis Chapter introduces the most generally applied method for conversion of raw NMR signal (FID) to NMR spectra- Fourier transformation (FT). Specifically, we will see how the key parameters of an FID...This Chapter introduces the most generally applied method for conversion of raw NMR signal (FID) to NMR spectra- Fourier transformation (FT). Specifically, we will see how the key parameters of an FID introduced in the previous chapter affect the key properties of an NMR spectral resonance: position, intensity and linewidth.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/32%3A_Math_Chapters/32.10%3A_Fourier_AnalysisThis page discusses the Fourier transform, a mathematical technique for converting time functions into frequency functions, aiding signal analysis by breaking them down into sine waves. It has applica...This page discusses the Fourier transform, a mathematical technique for converting time functions into frequency functions, aiding signal analysis by breaking them down into sine waves. It has applications in optical and infrared spectroscopy and originates from Fourier series studies, evolving into harmonic analysis.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/19%3A_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy/19.03%3A_NMR_SpectrometersEarlier we noted that there are two basic experimental designs for recording a NMR spectrum. One is a continuous-wave instrument in which we scan through the range of frequencies over which the nucleu...Earlier we noted that there are two basic experimental designs for recording a NMR spectrum. One is a continuous-wave instrument in which we scan through the range of frequencies over which the nucleus of interest absorbs, exciting them sequentially. Most instruments use pulses of RF radiation to excite all nuclei at the same time and then use a Fourier transform to recover the signals from the individual nuclei. Our attention in this chapter is limited to instruments for FT-NMR.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Western_Washington_University/Biophysical_Chemistry_(Smirnov_and_McCarty)/05%3A_Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_(NMR)_Spectroscopy_-_Introduction/5.03%3A_Chemical_shift_in_units_of_Hz_and_ppmThis Chapter introduces the other most common unit to measure and report the NMR resonance frequency: ppm, parts-per-million. We will consider examples when the frequency units of Hz (1/second) are th...This Chapter introduces the other most common unit to measure and report the NMR resonance frequency: ppm, parts-per-million. We will consider examples when the frequency units of Hz (1/second) are the most justified choice and the opposite cases- when ppm???s should be used. We will also start describing quantitatively how raw NMR signal, S(t), depend on time t, initial current S0, and two properties of the target nucleus: resonance frequency ?? (or ??) and relaxation rate R.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/04%3A_Digital_Electronics_and_Microcomputers_(TBD)/4.03%3A_Basic_Digital_Circuit_ComponentsHow an instrument handles signals depends on what is being measured. Broadly speaking an instrument is likely to include one or more of the following: the ability to clean up the raw signal and conver...How an instrument handles signals depends on what is being measured. Broadly speaking an instrument is likely to include one or more of the following: the ability to clean up the raw signal and convert it into a form that we can analyze, the ability to count events in binary form, the ability to convert binary information into a digital information, and the ability to convert between digital and analog signals. In this section we will consider the first two of these topics.
