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1: Matter energy and their measurements
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1.1: Matter and energy
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Matter, i.e., anything that occupies space and has mass, and energy, i.e., the ability to do work are their forms and basic properties are described.
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1.2: What is chemistry?
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Chemistry, i.e., a study of matter's composition, properties, and transformations are described. The scientific method comprising of observations, hypothesis, experiments, law, and theory is also described.
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1.3: Measurements
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Measurements representing properties quantitatively, Units, i.e., quantities defined by the standard that peoples agree to use as a reference, systems of units, i.e., a set of units used for measurements, and basic mathematics involved in handling the units are described.
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1.4: Significant Figures
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Significant figures, i.e., all the digits reported in the measured value, including the estimated digit is described. How to determine the significant figures and how to handle them in calculations are also presented.
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1.5: Unit conversions
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Conversion of values in one unit to the same value in another unit using conversion factors derived from the equality between the two units is described along with the rules for handling significant figures in these calculations.
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1.6: Equations and graphs
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Manipulating the equations commonly used in chemistry, graphs for a visual presentation of trends,s and interpreting graphs are described.
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1.7: Density and specific gravity measurements
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Density, i.e., mass-to-volume ratio, which is a physical characteristic of a substance is described. Specific gravity, i.e., a ratio of the density of a substance-to-the density of water which is a unitless number is also described.
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1.8: Heat and its measurements
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Measurements of heat, i.e., energy in transfer, are described. The heat released from food and its calculations are also presented.
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1.9: Heat and changes in physical states of matter
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Effects of heat on a substance, i.e., temperature change or change of physical state of the substance are described.