14: Some Compounds with Oxygen, Sulfur, or a Halogen
- Page ID
- 86278
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- 14.1: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- This page details the creation of educational maps, highlighting the time needed to compile materials. LibreTexts supports publishing incomplete maps to share progress, despite missing pages. It reassures that efforts to finalize the project are ongoing.
- 14.2: Naming Alcohols
- This page outlines the map creation process for LibreTexts, highlighting the significance of providing completed pages instead of postponing for finalization. It acknowledges that the map is still a work in progress and notes that there are some pages missing, but efforts are being made to complete it.
- 14.3: Properties of Alcohols
- This page highlights the importance of releasing completed sections of a map as they are finished, rather than waiting for the entire project to be complete. It acknowledges that the map remains a work in progress, with some pages still missing, while assuring ongoing efforts to finalize the remaining parts.
- 14.4: Reactions of Alcohols
- This page covers the chemical reactions of alcohols, specifically dehydration and oxidation. Alcohols can form alkenes or ethers upon dehydration, while primary and secondary alcohols oxidize to aldehydes and ketones, respectively. Tertiary alcohols resist oxidation due to lack of hydrogen on the carbon with the hydroxyl group. Oxidizing agents play a key role in these reactions, important for metabolic processes.
- 14.5: Phenols
- This page discusses phenols, which have an OH group on an aromatic ring and exhibit slight acidity, distinguishing them from alcohols. Phenol (C6H5OH) is noted for its antiseptic use by Joseph Lister in surgery but is toxic and can cause serious skin damage. Safer alternatives such as 4-hexylresorcinol are preferred for their germicidal effectiveness and lower risk of side effects. While phenols are important in medicine, their toxic nature requires careful handling.
- 14.6: Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols
- This page discusses the map creation process, emphasizing the time needed for materials and advocating for sharing incomplete pages rather than waiting for project completion. It notes that while the current map is unfinished with missing pages, efforts are in progress to finalize it.
- 14.7: Ethers
- This page compares the structural differences between alcohols and ethers, emphasizing their impact on physical properties and reactivity. It covers the lack of hydroxyl groups in ethers (ROR′), resulting in lower boiling points and weaker hydrogen bonding compared to alcohols.
- 14.8: Thiols and Disulfides
- This page covers thiols and thioethers, focusing on their structural properties and biological roles, particularly in protein structure through disulfide linkages. It provides examples like methanethiol and ethanethiol. Additionally, the page outlines the career of a paramedic, stressing the importance of organic chemistry in emergency medical practices and detailing the extensive training paramedics receive to deliver crucial care in challenging situations.
- 14.9: Halogen-Containing Compounds
- This page covers alkyl halides, organic compounds with halogen functional groups. It explains naming conventions, where halogens are treated as substituents of the parent alkane, including prefixes for multiple halogens. The page also discusses solubility differences between alcohols and alkyl halides in water and introduces the elimination reaction that forms alkenes by removing a functional group and hydrogen.
- 14.10: Stereochemistry and Chirality
- This page emphasizes the importance of publishing incomplete educational maps rather than waiting for full completion. It highlights that ongoing development is intended to provide users with accessible resources even as some content is still in progress.