Skip to main content
Chemistry LibreTexts

10.5: Solubility Products

  • Page ID
    395068
  • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)
    Solubility Products
    Substance Ksp at 25 °C
    aluminum
    Al(OH)3 2 × 10−32
    barium
    BaCO3 1.6 × 10−9
    BaC2O4·2H2O 1.1 × 10−7
    BaSO4 2.3 × 10−8
    BaCrO4 8.5 × 10−11
    BaF2 2.4 × 10−5
    Ba(OH)2·8H2O 5.0 × 10−3
    Ba3(PO4)2 6 × 10−39
    Ba3(AsO4)2 1.1 × 10−13
    bismuth
    BiO(OH) 4 × 10−10
    BiOCl 1.8 × 10−31
    Bi2S3 1 × 10−97
    cadmium
    Cd(OH)2 5.9 × 10−15
    CdS 1.0 × 10−28
    CdCO3 5.2 × 10−12
    calcium
    Ca(OH)2 1.3 × 10−6
    CaCO3 8.7 × 10−9
    CaSO4·2H2O 6.1 × 10−5
    CaC2O4·H2O 1.96 × 10−8
    Ca3(PO4)2 1.3 × 10−32
    CaHPO4 7 × 10−7
    CaF2 4.0 × 10−11
    chromium
    Cr(OH)3 6.7 × 10−31
    cobalt
    Co(OH)2 2.5 × 10−16
    CoS(α) 5 × 10−22
    CoS(β) 3 × 10−26
    CoCO3 1.4 × 10−13
    Co(OH)3 2.5 × 10−43
    copper
    CuCl 1.2 × 10−6
    CuBr 6.27 × 10−9
    CuI 1.27 × 10−12
    CuSCN 1.6 × 10−11
    Cu2S 2.5 × 10−48
    Cu(OH)2 2.2 × 10−20
    CuS 8.5 × 10−45
    CuCO3 2.5 × 10−10
    iron
    Fe(OH)2 1.8 × 10−15
    FeCO3 2.1 × 10−11
    FeS 3.7 × 10−19
    Fe(OH)3 4 × 10−38
    lead
    Pb(OH)2 1.2 × 10−15
    PbF2 4 × 10−8
    PbCl2 1.6 × 10−5
    PbBr2 4.6 × 10−6
    PbI2 1.4 × 10−8
    PbCO3 1.5 × 10−15
    PbS 7 × 10−29
    PbCrO4 2 × 10−16
    PbSO4 1.3 × 10−8
    Pb3(PO4)2 1 × 10−54
    magnesium
    Mg(OH)2 8.9 × 10−12
    MgCO3·3H2O ca 1 × 10−5
    MgNH4PO4 3 × 10−13
    MgF2 6.4 × 10−9
    MgC2O4 7 × 10−7
    manganese
    Mn(OH)2 2 × 10−13
    MnCO3 8.8 × 10−11
    MnS 2.3 × 10−13
    mercury
    Hg2O·H2O 3.6 × 10−26
    Hg2Cl2 1.1 × 10−18
    Hg2Br2 1.3 × 10−22
    Hg2I2 4.5 × 10−29
    Hg2CO3 9 × 10−15
    Hg2SO4 7.4 × 10−7
    Hg2S 1.0 × 10−47
    Hg2CrO4 2 × 10−9
    HgS 1.6 × 10−54
    nickel
    Ni(OH)2 1.6 × 10−16
    NiCO3 1.4 × 10−7
    NiS(α) 4 × 10−20
    NiS(β) 1.3 × 10−25
    potassium
    KClO4 1.05 × 10−2
    K2PtCl6 7.48 × 10−6
    KHC4H4O6 3 × 10−4
    silver
    \(\ce{^1_2Ag2O(Ag+ + OH- )}\) 2 × 10−8
    AgCl 1.6 × 10−10
    AgBr 5.0 × 10−13
    AgI 1.5 × 10−16
    AgCN 1.2 × 10−16
    AgSCN 1.0 × 10−12
    Ag2S 1.6 × 10−49
    Ag2CO3 8.1 × 10−12
    Ag2CrO4 9.0 × 10−12
    Ag4Fe(CN)6 1.55 × 10−41
    Ag2SO4 1.2 × 10−5
    Ag3PO4 1.8 × 10−18
    strontium
    Sr(OH)2·8H2O 3.2 × 10−4
    SrCO3 7 × 10−10
    SrCrO4 3.6 × 10−5
    SrSO4 3.2 × 10−7
    SrC2O4·H2O 4 × 10−7
    thallium
    TlCl 1.7 × 10−4
    TlSCN 1.6 × 10−4
    Tl2S 6 × 10−22
    Tl(OH)3 6.3 × 10−46
    tin
    Sn(OH)2 3 × 10−27
    SnS 1 × 10−26
    Sn(OH)4 1.0 × 10−57
    zinc
    ZnCO3 2 × 10−10

    This page titled 10.5: Solubility Products is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.