7: Energy and Chemical Processes
- Page ID
- 83099
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Energy is a vital component of the world around us. Nearly every physical and chemical process, including all the chemical reactions discussed in previous chapters, occurs with a simultaneous energy change. In this chapter, we will explore the nature of energy and how energy and chemistry are related.
- 7.1: Energy and Its Units
- Energy is the ability to do work. Heat is the transfer of energy due to temperature differences. Energy and heat are expressed in units of joules.
- 7.2: Heat
- Heat transfer is related to temperature change. Heat is equal to the product of the mass, the change in temperature, and a proportionality constant called the specific heat.
- 7.3: Phase Changes
- There is an energy change associated with any phase change. There is an energy change associated with any phase change.
- 7.4: Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions
- Atoms are held together by a certain amount of energy called bond energy. Chemical processes are labeled as exothermic or endothermic based on whether they give off or absorb energy, respectively.
- 7.5: The Energy of Biochemical Reactions
- Energy to power the human body comes from chemical reactions.
- 7.6: Energetics and Kinetics
- If we want to know if a reaction is likely proceed and how far it is likely to go, we can look at its energetics (or thermodynamics). If the products end at lower energy than the reactants, they are more stable and thus likely to form. It is also important to look at the speed of a reaction, or its kinetics. Here we will again look at reaction energy diagrams; this time to summarize both the energetics and the kinetics of a reaction --- how far and how fast it will go.
- 7.7: Equilibrium
- Many reactions are reversible, or can go both backward and forward. This process is sometimes referred to as equilibrium. How far the reaction goes forward or backward in the equilibrium process is related to the energy of the reaction.
- 7.8: Chapter Summary
- To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the following bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter.
- 7.E: Exercises
- Problems and Solutions to accompany the chapter.