4: Classifiation of Matter- Properties and Changes
- Page ID
- 364765
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- 4.1: Introduction to the Nanoscopic Level- Solids, Liquids, and Gases
- Three states of matter exist - solid, liquid, and gas. Solids have a definite shape and volume. Liquids have a definite volume, but take the shape of the container. Gases have no definite shape or volume
- 4.2: Classifying Matter- the Macroscopic Level
- One useful way of organizing our understanding of matter is to think of a hierarchy that extends down from the most general and complex to the simplest and most fundamental. Matter can be classified into two broad categories: pure substances and mixtures. A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition and properties that are constant throughout the sample. A material composed of two or more substances is a mixture.
- 4.3: Classifying Matter- the Nanoscopic Level
- The concept of the particle is used to understand how elements, compounds, and mixtures are different from each other on the nanoscopic level. Chemical formula represent the composition of particles in a pure substance.
- 4.4: The Elements
- All matter is composed of elements. Chemical elements are represented by a one- or two-letter symbol.
- 4.5: Physical and Chemical Changes- the Macroscopic Level
- Change is happening all around us all of the time. Just as chemists have classified elements and compounds, they have also classified types of changes. Changes are either classified as physical or chemical changes. Chemists learn a lot about the nature of matter by studying the changes that matter can undergo. Chemists make a distinction between two different types of changes that they study - physical changes and chemical changes.
- 4.6: Physcial and Chemical Changes- the Nanoscopic Level
- When a chemical change occurs, new substances are formed. On the nanoscopic level, this means that the composition of the particles changes. When a physcial change occurs, there is no change in the composition of the particles; the arrangement of the particles relative to one another is the only thing that is altered.
- 4.7: Separating Mixtures through Physcial Changes
- Physical changes can be used to purify a mixture into the pure substances which compose it.
- 4.8: Differences in Matter- Physical and Chemical Properties
- A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Physical properties include color, density, hardness, and melting and boiling points. A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change.
- 4.9: Energy
- When we speak of using energy, we are really referring to transferring energy from one place to another. Although energy is used in many kinds of different situations, all of these uses rely on energy being transferred in one of two ways. Energy can be transferred as heat or as work.