21: Acids and Bases
- Page ID
- 53929
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- 21.10: Calculating pH of Acids and Bases
- It's not uncommon to see a tropical fish tank in homes or businesses. These brightly-colored creatures are relaxing to watch, but do require a certain amount of maintenance in order for them to survive. Tap water is usually too alkaline when it comes out of the faucet, so some adjustments need to be made. The pH of the water will change over time while it is in the tank, which means it needs to be tested every so often. Any fish tank caretaker has a chance to be a chemist for their fish!
- 21.11: The pOH Concept
- As with the hydrogen-ion concentration, the concentration of the hydroxide ion can be expressed logarithmically by the pOH. The pOH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide-ion concentration.
- 21.16: Neutralization Reaction and Net Ionic Equations for Neutralization Reactions
- A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid and a base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and water. The aqueous sodium chloride that is produced in the reaction is called a salt. A salt is an ionic compound composed of a cation from a base and an anion from an acid. A salt is essentially any ionic compound that is neither an acid nor a base.
- 21.20: Indicators
- An acid-base indicator is a substance that displays different colors when in the presence of an acid or a base. How does that work? An indicator is a weak acid that ionizes within a known pH range, usually about 2 pH units.
- 21.21: Hydrolysis of Salts - Equations
- A salt is an ionic compound that is formed when an acid and a base neutralize each other. While it may seem that salt solutions are always neutral, they can frequently be either acidic or basic.
- 21.22: Calculating pH of Salt Solutions
- It is often helpful to be able to predict the effect a salt solution will have on the pH of a certain solution. Knowledge of the relevant acidity or basicity constants allows us to carry out the necessary calculations.