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1: Bonding in organic compounds
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1.1: What is organic chemistry?
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Organic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of organic compounds.
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1.2: What is a chemical bond
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The chemical bonds connect the atoms in the compounds. Transferring or sharing some valance electrons from one atom to another makes the bonds. Intermolecular forces are kind of bonds through which molecules interact with each other using transient or permanent dipoles.
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1.3: Hybridization of orbitals and 3D structures of simple organic compounds
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Atomes mix valence s and p orbitals in different proportions to make hybrid orbitals to make bonds in molecules. The geometry hybrid orbitals of the central atom determine the molecule's geometry around the central atom.
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1.4: Representing organic compounds
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Organic molecules contain chains and rings of carbons with single, double, or triple bonds connecting the carbons. As described in this chapter, the organic molecules are represented in multiple ways, including Lewis, condensed, and skeletal formulae.
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1.5: Formal Charge
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A formal charge is assigned to an atom in a molecule based on the assumption that bonding electrons are shared equally. Calculating formal charges and characteristics of some organic species having formal charges are described.
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1.6: Resonance
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If more than one Lewis structure can be drawn for a compound, these structures are resonance contributing structures, and the actual structure is a resonance hybrid. Resonance hybrid is always more stable than the contributing structures. Factors stabilizing the resonance hybrid are described.