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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/Map%3A_Chemistry_-_The_Central_Science_(Brown_et_al.)/22%3A_Chemistry_of_the_Nonmetals/22.09%3A_CarbonThe stability of the carbon tetrahalides decreases as the halogen increases in size because of poor orbital overlap and steric crowding. Carbon forms three kinds of carbides with less electronegative ...The stability of the carbon tetrahalides decreases as the halogen increases in size because of poor orbital overlap and steric crowding. Carbon forms three kinds of carbides with less electronegative elements: ionic carbides, which contain metal cations and C4− (methide) or C22− (acetylide) anions; interstitial carbides, which are characterized by covalent metal–carbon interactions and are among the hardest substances known; and covalent carbides, which have three-dimensional covalent network st
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/09%3A_Covalent_Bonding/9.22%3A_Hybrid_Orbitals_-_spThis page explores hybridization in chemistry, centering on carbon's bonding in methane (\ce{CH_4}. Despite its electron configuration indicating it should form only two bonds, carbon actually for...This page explores hybridization in chemistry, centering on carbon's bonding in methane (\ce{CH_4}. Despite its electron configuration indicating it should form only two bonds, carbon actually forms four through sp^3 hybridization, which mixes one s and three p orbitals. This process results in four equivalent hybrid orbitals, accounting for methane's tetrahedral geometry and bond angles.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/1Group_14%3A_General_Properties_and_ReactionsCarbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual prop...Carbon is one of the most common elements on earth, and greatly influences everyday life. This article details the periodic properties of the carbon family and briefly discusses of the individual properties of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/10%3A_The_Mole/10.02%3A_Conversions_Between_Moles_and_AtomsThis page explains conversion methods between moles, atoms, and molecules, emphasizing the convenience of moles for simplifying calculations. It provides examples on converting carbon atoms to moles a...This page explains conversion methods between moles, atoms, and molecules, emphasizing the convenience of moles for simplifying calculations. It provides examples on converting carbon atoms to moles and determining hydrogen atoms in water and sulfuric acid. The importance of knowing chemical formulas for accurate calculations is highlighted, accompanied by step-by-step calculation processes. The document concludes with review questions on the discussed concepts.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.2%3A_Group_14/Chemistry_of_Silicon_(Z%3D14)/Silicon_and_Group_14_Elementsthe structure of \ce{Si} is the same as that of diamond, and this feature is important for computer chips? The four \ce{Si-O} bonds point towards the corners of a tetrahedron, as do the \(\ce{...the structure of \ce{Si} is the same as that of diamond, and this feature is important for computer chips? The four \ce{Si-O} bonds point towards the corners of a tetrahedron, as do the \ce{C-C} bonds in the diamond structure. Crystal growth and silicon fabrication dominate the industry in the 1980s and 1990s, and perhaps into the next century, and the production of the element is only the beginning of the process.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/09%3A_Covalent_Bonding/9.20%3A_Physical_Properties_and_Intermolecular_ForcesThis page discusses the two major forms of carbon: diamond, known for its hardness, and graphite, which is softer. It emphasizes that a compound's properties are influenced by chemical bonding, affect...This page discusses the two major forms of carbon: diamond, known for its hardness, and graphite, which is softer. It emphasizes that a compound's properties are influenced by chemical bonding, affecting melting and boiling points. Molecular compounds typically have lower melting and boiling points and poor electrical conductivity, with solubility in water influenced by hydrogen bonding. Covalent network solids like diamond have strong bonds, necessitating extreme temperatures for vaporization.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/05%3A_Electrons_in_Atoms/5.18%3A_Electron_ConfigurationsThis page explains electron configurations as a simplified notation for representing electron arrangements in atoms, using superscripts to denote electrons in occupied sublevels. An example of carbon ...This page explains electron configurations as a simplified notation for representing electron arrangements in atoms, using superscripts to denote electrons in occupied sublevels. An example of carbon illustrates this with a configuration of 1s^2 2s^2 2p^2. It also lists second period elements and their configurations, showcasing the filling of s and p sublevels in the periodic table. The summary highlights the clarity and simplicity of this notation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/04%3A_Atomic_Structure/4.03%3A_Law_of_Multiple_ProportionsThis page contrasts unicycles and bicycles regarding their design and material differences, then explains the law of multiple proportions with respect to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, focusing o...This page contrasts unicycles and bicycles regarding their design and material differences, then explains the law of multiple proportions with respect to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, focusing on their varying toxicities and health impacts. The discussion wraps up with review questions pertaining to the law and the compounds explored.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Descriptive_Chemistry/Elements_Organized_by_Block/2_p-Block_Elements/Group_14%3A_The_Carbon_Family/1Group_14%3A_General_Chemistry/Chlorides_of_Group_4_ElementsIf a water molecule were to react with carbon tetrachloride, the oxygen atom in the water molecule would need to attach itself to the carbon atom via the oxygen's lone pair. Even if this were possible...If a water molecule were to react with carbon tetrachloride, the oxygen atom in the water molecule would need to attach itself to the carbon atom via the oxygen's lone pair. Even if this were possible, there would be considerable cluttering around that carbon atom before the chlorine atom breaks away completely, causing a lot of repulsion between the various lone pairs on all the atoms surrounding the carbon, as shown below:
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/09%3A_Covalent_Bonding/9.14%3A_Molecular_Shapes-_No_Lone_Pairs_on_Central_AtomsThis page discusses the electroscope, a device used to study charge through the movement of electrons, leading to repelling leaves. It also covers molecular structures using VSEPR theory, showcasing e...This page discusses the electroscope, a device used to study charge through the movement of electrons, leading to repelling leaves. It also covers molecular structures using VSEPR theory, showcasing examples such as Beryllium Hydride and Carbon Dioxide (both linear), Boron Trifluoride (trigonal planar), and Methane (tetrahedral with 109.5° bond angles).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westminster_College/CHE_180_-_Inorganic_Chemistry/14%3A_Chapter_14_-_p-Block_Elements/14.2%3A_Group_14/General_Chemistry/Chlorides_of_Group_4_ElementsIf a water molecule were to react with carbon tetrachloride, the oxygen atom in the water molecule would need to attach itself to the carbon atom via the oxygen's lone pair. Even if this were possible...If a water molecule were to react with carbon tetrachloride, the oxygen atom in the water molecule would need to attach itself to the carbon atom via the oxygen's lone pair. Even if this were possible, there would be considerable cluttering around that carbon atom before the chlorine atom breaks away completely, causing a lot of repulsion between the various lone pairs on all the atoms surrounding the carbon, as shown below:
