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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Environmental_Chemistry)/Atmospheric_Chemistry/Carbon_CycleA scientist and an engineer may be called upon to solve a particular problem involving coal (carbon), gasoline (hydrocarbon), combustion of carbon or carbon containing fuel, lime stone, sea shells, ca...A scientist and an engineer may be called upon to solve a particular problem involving coal (carbon), gasoline (hydrocarbon), combustion of carbon or carbon containing fuel, lime stone, sea shells, carbon monoxide, or carbon dioxide. When we formulate a solution, we should be aware of the impact not only of the problem, but also of the solution for such a problem. Otherwise, the solution may result in a problem that is more expensive to solve later. Thus, it is important to know how carbon evolv
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_and_Websites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Macromolecules/MacromoleculesA macromolecule is a very large molecule having a polymeric chain structure. Proteins, polysaccharides, genes, ruber, and synthetic polymers consist of macromolecules. There are only a few known inorg...A macromolecule is a very large molecule having a polymeric chain structure. Proteins, polysaccharides, genes, ruber, and synthetic polymers consist of macromolecules. There are only a few known inorganic macromolecules. Inorganic macromolecules can be divided into several categories: solids formed mainly due to covalent bonds, organosilanes, siloxanes and organosiloxanes.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Environmental_Chemistry)/Aquatic_Chemistry/Water_TreatmentWater treatment is a process of making water suitable for its application or returning its natural state. Thus, water treatment required before and after its application. The required treatment depend...Water treatment is a process of making water suitable for its application or returning its natural state. Thus, water treatment required before and after its application. The required treatment depends on the application. Water treatment involves science, engineering, business, and art. The treatment may include mechanical, physical, biological, and chemical methods. As with any technology, science is the foundation, and engineering makes sure that the technology works as designed.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Acids_and_Bases/Ionization_Constants/Weak_Acids_and_Bases_1Weak acids and bases are only partially ionized in their solutions, whereas strong acids and bases are completely ionized when dissolved in water. The ionization of weak acids and bases is a chemical ...Weak acids and bases are only partially ionized in their solutions, whereas strong acids and bases are completely ionized when dissolved in water. The ionization of weak acids and bases is a chemical equilibrium phenomenon. The equilibrium principles are essential for the understanding of equilibria of weak acids and weak bases. In this connection, you probably realize that conjugate acids of weak bases are weak acids and conjugate bases of weak acids are weak bases.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/Gen_Chem_Quantum_Theory/Introduction_to_Quantum_TheoryLearning Objectives Give a very brief history on the development of chemistry as a science leading to the development of quantum theory. Explain these terms: electron, atomic nucleus, electromagnetic ...Learning Objectives Give a very brief history on the development of chemistry as a science leading to the development of quantum theory. Explain these terms: electron, atomic nucleus, electromagnetic radiation, spectroscopy. Contributors and Attributions Chung (Peter) Chieh (Professor Emeritus, Chemistry @ University of Waterloo)
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/Gen_Chem_Quantum_TheoryContributors and Attributions Chung (Peter) Chieh (Professor Emeritus, Chemistry @ University of Waterloo) Thumbnail: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...pectrum_sl.svg
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Quantum_Mechanics/Gen_Chem_Quantum_Theory/Quantum_Numbers_and_Atomic_OrbitalsThe states are represented by symbols, and special symbols have been used to represent the quantum number l as follows: For hydrogen-like atoms, that is atoms or ions with one electron, the energy lev...The states are represented by symbols, and special symbols have been used to represent the quantum number l as follows: For hydrogen-like atoms, that is atoms or ions with one electron, the energy level is solely determined by the principle quantum number n, and the energy levels of the subshells np and nd etc. For these species, the energy levels have the reverse order as the list given earlier: What is the symbol representing the set of orbitals in the subshell with [n = 3, l = 2]?
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Environmental_Chemistry)/Atmospheric_Chemistry/OzoneMost of the ozone in the atmosphere is in the stratosphere of the atmosphere, with about 8% in the lower troposphere. As mentioned there, the ozone is formed due to photo reaction. The ozone level is ...Most of the ozone in the atmosphere is in the stratosphere of the atmosphere, with about 8% in the lower troposphere. As mentioned there, the ozone is formed due to photo reaction. The ozone level is measured in Dobson Unit (DU), named after G.M.B. Dobson, who investigated the ozone between 1920 and 1960. One Dobson Unit (DU) is defined to be 0.01 mm thickness of ozone at STP when all the ozone in the air column above an area is collected and spread over the entire area.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Nuclear_Chemistry/Applications_of_Nuclear_Chemistry/RadiologyRadiology is the science of high energy radiation and of the sources, including the study of the chemical, physical, and biological effects of radiation. It is often the preferred method for diagnosin...Radiology is the science of high energy radiation and of the sources, including the study of the chemical, physical, and biological effects of radiation. It is often the preferred method for diagnosing many different cancers, including lung, liver, and pancreatic cancer, since the image allows a physician to confirm the presence of a tumor and to measure its size, precise location, and the extent of the tumor's involvement with other nearby tissue.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Environmental_Chemistry)/Aquatic_Chemistry/Natural_WaterWater is the most important resource. Without water life is not possible. From a chemical point of view, water, H2O, is a pure compound, but in reality, you seldom drink, see, touch or use pure water....Water is the most important resource. Without water life is not possible. From a chemical point of view, water, H2O, is a pure compound, but in reality, you seldom drink, see, touch or use pure water. Water from various sources contains dissolved gases, minerals, organic and inorganic substances. This photograph of Guilin shows the beauty of natural water. The rain curved an interesting landscape out of the lime stones in the area. Natural waters are often important parts of wonders of the world
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Nuclear_Chemistry/Applications_of_Nuclear_Chemistry/ApplicationsSo we see that radioactive preparations can be very useful for diagnostic examination if we choose them in such a way that they emit sufficient radiation to be easily detectable in the body, but only ...So we see that radioactive preparations can be very useful for diagnostic examination if we choose them in such a way that they emit sufficient radiation to be easily detectable in the body, but only for a long enough time to enable completion of the examination. A much higher dose of radioactivity is administered in a therapeutic situation than in a diagnostic one; thus the therapeutic radiopharmaceutical must have a high affinity for the diseased tissue relative to the healthy tissue.
