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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/06%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.05%3A_Le_Chateliers_PrincipleThe document explains the concept of chemical equilibria and Le Ch??telier's principle through examples involving acetic acid dissociation and silver chloride solubility. It discusses how adding react...The document explains the concept of chemical equilibria and Le Ch??telier's principle through examples involving acetic acid dissociation and silver chloride solubility. It discusses how adding reactants or products affects equilibrium, maintaining the equilibrium constant despite changes. It elaborates on how changing the concentration, such as adding sodium acetate or a ligand, affects reactions, and also how pressure and volume changes influence equilibrium through the ideal gas law.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/General_Chemistry_Supplement_(Eames)/Chemical_Reactions_and_Interactions/Acid-Base_ReactionsHCl, acetic acid (vinegar, CH 3 COOH) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ) are monoprotic acids. (Acetic acid has other protons, but only the last one is acidic.) Sulfuric acid and many others are diprotic acids....HCl, acetic acid (vinegar, CH 3 COOH) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ) are monoprotic acids. (Acetic acid has other protons, but only the last one is acidic.) Sulfuric acid and many others are diprotic acids. Thus, the hydrogen ions, which makes acids acidic, are consumed, and the hydroxide which makes bases basic is also consumed, and if the moles of acid and base are equal, only neutral water and a salt is left. (Actually, it is a little bit more complicated than this if the acid or base is weak.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Chemical_Equilibrium/26.12%3A_Activities_are_Important_for_Ionic_SpeciesThis page discusses the differences between weak and strong electrolytes, highlighting that strong electrolytes can be analyzed with Debye-Hückel theory at low concentrations, while weak electrolytes ...This page discusses the differences between weak and strong electrolytes, highlighting that strong electrolytes can be analyzed with Debye-Hückel theory at low concentrations, while weak electrolytes like acetic acid involve equilibrium, complicating analysis. It covers the calculation of equilibrium constants with activity coefficients and iterative methods for estimating ionic activity.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/07%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/7.06%3A_Ladder_DiagramsIn this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combin...In this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combining several reagents, estimate the approximate composition of a system at equilibrium, and evaluate how a change to solution conditions might affect an analytical method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Lakehead_University/Analytical_I/6%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.06%3A_Ladder_DiagramsIn this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combin...In this section we introduce the ladder diagram as a simple graphical tool for evaluating the equilibrium chemistry. Using ladder diagrams we will be able to determine what reactions occur when combining several reagents, estimate the approximate composition of a system at equilibrium, and evaluate how a change to solution conditions might affect an analytical method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Physical_Chemistry_(Fleming)/09%3A_Chemical_Equilibria/9.08%3A_Acid-Base_EquilibriaThis page explains the principles of acid-base reactions and proton transfer processes, emphasizing the importance of pH in biological systems. It covers the dissociation of weak acids using acetic ac...This page explains the principles of acid-base reactions and proton transfer processes, emphasizing the importance of pH in biological systems. It covers the dissociation of weak acids using acetic acid as an example, demonstrating the calculation of pH using equilibrium constants. The auto-ionization of water is discussed, illustrating how water dissociates into ions and explaining pH variations with temperature.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/06%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.06%3A_Ladder_DiagramsThe page discusses the importance of considering chemical interactions, like pH and solubility, when developing or evaluating analytical methods. It critiques the inappropriate use of NH3 in precipita...The page discusses the importance of considering chemical interactions, like pH and solubility, when developing or evaluating analytical methods. It critiques the inappropriate use of NH3 in precipitating AgCl due to its solubility-increasing effect. Key analytical errors often stem from overlooking chemical interferences. Ladder diagrams are introduced as tools for visualizing equilibrium chemistry, aiding in understanding reaction dynamics and evaluating changes in solution conditions.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/06%3A_Equilibrium_Chemistry/6.08%3A_Buffer_SolutionsThis page explains the different responses to adding HCl to pure water versus a solution with acetic acid and sodium acetate. It describes how buffers, like the acetic acid-sodium acetate mixture, res...This page explains the different responses to adding HCl to pure water versus a solution with acetic acid and sodium acetate. It describes how buffers, like the acetic acid-sodium acetate mixture, resist changes in pH due to their equilibrium shifting. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is central to understanding buffer preparation and effectiveness.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/25%3A_Organic_Chemistry/25.12%3A_Carboxylic_AcidsThis page discusses vinegar, which is mainly composed of acetic acid, a carboxylic acid with distinctive properties like hydrogen bonding that affect its melting and boiling points. It highlights vine...This page discusses vinegar, which is mainly composed of acetic acid, a carboxylic acid with distinctive properties like hydrogen bonding that affect its melting and boiling points. It highlights vinegar's multifunctional uses in cleaning, food preservation, and flavoring, mentioning other acids like citric and benzoic acid. Additionally, it notes the industrial applications of acetic acid, showcasing its versatility and importance in various fields.
