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10: Mass Relations in Chemical Reactions
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10.1: Stoichiometry
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Chemical equations also provide us with the relative number of particles and moles that react to form products. In this section, you will explore the quantitative relationships that exist between the quantities of reactants and products in a balanced equation. This is known as stoichiometry. Stoichiometry, by definition, is the calculation of the quantities of reactants or products in a chemical reaction using the relationships found in the balanced chemical equation.
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10.2: Mole-to-Mole Conversions
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Previously, you learned to balance chemical equations by comparing the numbers of each type of atom in the reactants and products. The coefficients in front of the chemical formulas represent the numbers of molecules or formula units (depending on the type of substance). In this section, we will extend the meaning of the coefficients in a chemical equation.
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10.3: Mole-to-Mass, Mass-to-Mole, and Mass-to-Mass Conversions
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We have used balanced equations to set up ratios, in terms of moles of materials, that we can use as conversion factors to answer stoichiometric questions—such as how many moles of substance A react with so many moles of reactant B. We can extend this technique even further. Recall that we can relate a molar amount to a mass amount using molar mass. We can use that relation to answer stoichiometry questions in terms of the masses of a particular substance, in addition to moles.