8: Energy and Energy Changes
- Page ID
- 393908
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- 8.1: Energy
- When we speak of using energy, we are really referring to transferring energy from one place to another. Although energy is used in many kinds of different situations, all of these uses rely on energy being transferred in one of two ways—energy can be transferred as heat or as work.
- 8.2: Heat and Temperature
- Heat transfer is related to temperature change. Heat is equal to the product of the mass, the change in temperature, and a proportionality constant called the specific heat.
- 8.3: Bond Energies and Chemical Reactions
- Atoms are held together by a certain amount of energy called bond energy. Chemical processes are labeled as exothermic or endothermic based on whether they give off or absorb energy, respectively.
- 8.4: Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions
- Atoms are held together by a certain amount of energy called bond energy. Chemical processes are labeled as exothermic or endothermic based on whether they give off or absorb energy, respectively.
- 8.5: Phase Changes and Energy Calculations
- There is an energy change associated with any phase change. There is an energy change associated with any phase change.
- 8.6: Phase Diagrams
- Phase diagrams show the phase of a substance at a given temperature and pressure. They also show the phase boundaries where phase changes occur.
- 8.7: Intermolecular Forces- Dispersion, Dipole–Dipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole
- All substances experience dispersion forces between their particles. Substances that are polar experience dipole-dipole interactions. Substances with covalent bonds between an H atom and N, O, or F atoms experience hydrogen bonding. The preferred phase of a substance depends on the strength of the intermolecular force and the energy of the particles.