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2: Matter and Energy

Last updated

Feb 14, 2022
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- 1.E: Measurements (Exercises)
- 2.1: What is Matter?

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In this chapter we will introduce ideas about matter and energy. There will be many definitions and categories discussed in the first parts of the chapter (2.1, and 2.2). You may skip ahead to 2.3 for a summary of these ideas if you feel that 2.1 and 2.2 are providing more detail then you need to understand the material. The remainder of the chapter (2.4-2.6) is about applying some of the conversion factor concepts you learned in chapter 1 to the new concepts about matter and energy we are learning in chapter 2.

2.1: What is Matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and volume (takes up space). For most common objects that we deal with every day, it is fairly simple to demonstrate that they have mass and take up space. You might be able to imagine, however, the difficulty for people several hundred years ago to demonstrate that air has mass and volume. Air (and all other gases) are invisible to the eye, have very small masses compared to equal amounts of solids and liquids, and are quite easy to compress (change volume).
- 2.1.1: Classifying Matter According to Its State—Solid, Liquid, and Gas
- 2.1.2: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition
2.2: Properties and Changes of Matter
In addition to discussing the categories of matter, we can also discuss both its properties and ways in which it may change. Both properties and changes may be categorized as either physical or chemical.
2.3: Summary of Matter and Changes
Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions with other matter and energy. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter can be described in terms of physical properties and chemical properties. Physical properties and chemical properties of matter can change. Matter is composed of elements and compounds. Combinations of different substances are called mixtures. Elements can be described as metals, nonmetals, and semimetals.
2.4: Density
Density is a physical property found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume. Regardless of the sample size, density is always constant.
2.5: Temperature, Heat, and Energy
Terms such as energy, heat, and temperature are sometimes used somewhat interchangeably although they mean very different things. In this section, we will define these terms based on how they are used in science. We will also introduce some units and conversions for each of them.
2.6: Heat Capacity
In the previous section, we introduced the ideas of temperature, heat, and energy. We will build on those ideas in this section by looking at how we can measure properties of a substance to determine how much he is gained or lost from that substance when the temperature changes.
- 2.6.1: Temperature Changes - Heat Capacity
- 2.6.2: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations
2.E: Matter and Energy (Exercises)
The following questions are related to the material covered in this chapter, however they may not be presented in the same order that they were in your chapter.

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