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3.E: Functional Groups (Exercises)

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    338696
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    Additional Exercises

    1. Identify each compound as an alcohol, a phenol, or an ether. Classify any alcohols as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°).
       
      1.   CH3CH2CH2OH 
         
      2.  16b.jpg
         
      3.  16c.jpg
         
      4. 16d.jpg

         
    2. Identify each compound as an alcohol, a phenol, or an ether. Classify any alcohols as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

      1.   CH3CH2OCH2CH

      2. 17b.jpg
         

      3.  17c.jpg
         

      4. 17d.jpg


         

    3. In addition to ethanol, the fermentation of grain produces other organic compounds collectively called fusel oils (FO). The four principal FO components are 1-propanol, isobutyl alcohol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and 2-methyl-1-butanol. Draw a structure for each. (FO is quite toxic and accounts in part for hangovers.)
       

    4. Draw and name the isomeric ethers that have the formula C5H12O.
       

    5. Menthol is an ingredient in mentholated cough drops and nasal sprays. It produces a cooling, refreshing sensation when rubbed on the skin and so is used in shaving lotions and cosmetics. Thymol, the aromatic equivalent of menthol, is the flavoring constituent of thyme. 

      23.jpg

      1. To what class of compounds does each belong?

      2. Give an alternate name for thymol.

         

    6. The amino acid cysteine has the formula HSCH2CH(NH2)COOH. What is the sulfur-containing functional group in the cysteine molecule?
       

    7. The amino acid methionine has the formula CH3SCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. What is the sulfur-containing functional group are in methionine?
       

    8.  Tetrahydrocannabinol is the principal active ingredient in marijuana. What functional groups are present in this molecule?
      28.jpg
       

    9. Name each compound.

      1.  (CH3CH2)3N

      2.  (CH3CH2)2NCH3
         

    10. Draw the structure for each compound.

      1. dimethylammonium chloride

      2. anilinium chloride
         

    11. Name each compound.

      1. CH3CH2CH2CH2OCH3

      2. CH3CH2OCH2CH2CH3
         

    12. Draw the structure for each compound.

      1. methyl ethyl ether

      2. diisopropyl ether
         

    13. Draw the structure for each alcohol.

      1. cyclopentanol

      2. 4-methyl-2-hexanol

      3. 4,5-dimethyl-3-heptanol


         

    Answers

    1.  
      1. primary alcohol
      2. secondary alcohol
      3. phenol
      4. ether
    1.  structures of fusel alcohols

     

    1.  
      1. Menthol is a cyclic alcohol (secondary) and thymol is a phenol.

      2. 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol

     

    1.  Thioether

     

    1.   
      1. triethylamine

      2. diethylmethylamine

     

    1.   
      1. butyl methyl ether

      2. ethyl propyl ether

     

    1.  
      1. structure of cyclopentanol
         
      2. structure of 4-methyl-2-hexanol 
         
      3. structure of 4,5-dimethyl-3-heptanol

     

     

     


    3.E: Functional Groups (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.