Chemical Bonding - A Review

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Page ID: 33855

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Here are some suggested examples.

  .      .     ..     ..
  N      N     N      N
/  \\  // \   / \\  // \
O   O  O   O O   O  O   O
             .          .

The paired electrons are not shown here.

What is the formal charge of \(\ce{N}\) in the following dot structure?
```
   .
   N
 /  \\
O     O
```
Hint: Number of electrons around N = 1 + (6/2)

Skill: Evaluate the formal charge of any atom of any dot structure.
What is the formal charge for the resonance structure having the odd electron on the oxygen atom?
Hint: Bond order = 1.5
Discussion: Four resonance structures have been given, and all indicate a bond order of 1.5 for \(\ce{[O-N=O]}\) <=> \(\ce{[O=N-O]}\).
Hint: Huum! This sounds like a real-world problem.
Skill: Solving real-world problems requires you to know what information to look for before the problem is solvable. This is one of those problems.

In an exercise or an open-book test, we can ask you to evaluate the lattice energy of a salt, and you need to find the various data. Since the CAcT quiz is an open-book test, this type of problem should have been given, but you will not have this type of problem in this quiz.

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Contributors and Attributions

Chung (Peter) Chieh (Professor Emeritus, Chemistry @ University of Waterloo)