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Dieckmann Condensation

Last updated

Jan 23, 2023
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- Reformatsky Reaction
- Formation of Cyclic Ketones by Intramolecular Acylation

Organic Reactions Wiki

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The Dieckmann condensation is the intramolecular chemical reaction of diesters with base to give β-ketoesters. It is named after the German chemist Walter Dieckmann (1869–1925). The equivalent intermolecular reaction is the Claisen condensation.

Reaction Mechanism

Deprotonation of an ester at the α-position generates an enolate ion which then undergoes a 5-exo-trig nucleophilic attack to give a cyclic enol. Protonation with a Bronsted-Lowry acid (H₃O⁺ for example) re-forms the β-keto ester.^[6]

Owing to the steric stability of five- and six-membered ring structures, these will preferentially be formed. So 1,6 diesters will form five-membered cyclic β-keto esters, while 1,7 diesters will form six-membered β-keto esters.^[7]

Animation of the reaction mechanism

References

Dieckmann, W. Ber. 1894, 27, 102 & 965
Dieckmann, W. Ber. 1900, 33, 595 & 2670
Dieckmann, W. Ann. 1901, 317, 51 & 93
Schaefer, J. P.; Bloomfield, J. J. (1967). "The Dieckmann Condensation (Including the Thorpe-Ziegler Condensation)". Organic Reactions. 15: 1–203. doi:10.1002/0471264180.or015.01.
Davis, B. R.; Garrett, P. J. Comp. Org. Syn. 1991, 2, 806-829. (Review)
Janice Gorzynski Smith (2007). Organic Chemistry (2nd ed.). pp. 932–933. ISBN 978-0073327495.
"Dieckmann Condensation". Organic Chemistry Portal.

Contributors

Wikipedia (CC-BY-SA-3.0)

Reaction Mechanism

See also

References

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