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22/23: Main Group Elements

  • Page ID
    8293
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    These are homework exercises to accompany the Textmap created for "General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications " by Petrucci et al. Complementary General Chemistry question banks can be found for other Textmaps and can be accessed here. In addition to these publicly available questions, access to private problems bank for use in exams and homework is available to faculty only on an individual basis; please contact Delmar Larsen for an account with access permission.

    Q1A

    Write chemical equations for the reactions you would expect to occur:

    1. the reaction of fluorine gas with potassium metal
    2. lithium fluoride and water are formed when hydrofluoric acid is added to lithium oxide
    3. cesium burns in air to form cesium superoxide.

    S1A

    1. 2 K(s) + F2(g) → 2 KF2(s)
    2. Li2O(s) + 2HF (l) → 2 LiF(s) + H2O(l)
    3. Cs(s) + O2(g) → CsO2(s)

    Q1B

    Which of the following ions would most likely react with the krypton: C, N3, F2, Li+

    S1B

    F2 is the most likely to react with the noble gas Kr. Only highly electronegative elements can cause a reaction with noble gases, and F2 is the most electronegative of the group. This reaction will cause the formation of KrF2.

    Q1C

    Construct the chemical equations for:

    1. The reaction of potassium metal with chlorine gas
    2. The formation of barium peroxide
    3. The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

    S1C

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    1. \(K_{(s)} + Cl_{2 (g)} \rightarrow 2 KCl_{(s)}\)
    2. \(Ba_{(s)} + O_{2 (g)} \rightarrow BaO_{2 (s)}\)
    3. \(CaCO_{3 (s)} \rightarrow CaO_{(s)} + CO_{2 (g)}\)

    Q1D

    Predict the chemical equation for:

    1. potassium metal with liquid bromine
    2. production of lithium oxide
    3. decomposition of sodium carbonate

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    S1D

    1. \(2K_{(s)} + Br_{2(l)} → 2KBr_{(s)}\)
    2. \(4Li_{(s)} + O_{2(g)} → 2Li_2O_{(s)}\)
    3. \(Na_2CO_{3(s)} → Na_2O_{(s)} + CO_{2(g)}\)

    Q1E

    Use information from the chapter to write balanced chemical reactions:

    1. Reaction of potassium with chlorine gas
    2. The formation of NaCl and H2O from the addition of HCl to the reactant
    3. Combustion of littium in oxygen. What is the product called?

    S1E

    1. \(2 K_{(s)} + Cl_{2(g)} → 2 KCl_{(s)}\)
    2. \(Na_2O_{(s)} + 2 HCl_{(l)} → 2 NaCl_{(s)} + H_2O_{(l)}\)
    3. \(4 Li_{(s)} + O_{2(g)} → 2 Li_2O_{(s)}\)

    Q3

    Which of the following would be the worst oxidizing agent of the group: F2, Br2, Cl2, At2, I2?

    S3

    Oxidizing agents are elements that are themselves reduced. Therefore, we are measuring the element that has the lowest ability to become reduced or gain electrons. Since all of the elements are in group 17 and electronegativity decreases down a group, this means that At2 is the least likely to gain an electron. Therefore, At2 is the worst oxidizing agent of the group.

    What chemical reaction would cause a metal sulfide, FeS(s), reacting with hydrochloric acid?

    Write the double replacement reaction between FeS(s) and HCl(aq):

    \[FeS_{(s)} + 2HCl_{(aq)} \rightarrow FeCl_{2(aq)} + H_2S_{(g)}\]

    Q17A

    Write chemical equations for the reactions you would expect to occur:

    1. magnesium reduces calcium chloride into calcium metal.
    2. Reaction of beryllium metal with fluorine gas
    3. Sulfuric acid reacts with an amount of calcium oxide

    S17A

    1. (s)MgCl2 → Ca(s) + (s) + Mg(s)CaCl2A)
    2. (s)BeF2B) Be(s) + F2(g) →
    3. H2SO4(aq) + CaO(s) → CaSO4(s) + H2O(l)

    Q17B

    Predict the chemical equation for:

    1. breakdown of \(MgCl_2\) in the presence of \(Ca\), a reducing agent
    2. reaction of chlorine gas with solid calcium
    3. decomposition of slacked lime

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    S17B

    1. \(MgCl_{2(s)} + Ca_{(s)} → CaCl_{2(s)} + Mg_{(s)}\)
    2. \(Ca_{(s)} + Cl_{2(g)} → CaCl_{2(s)}\)
    3. \(Ca(OH)_{2(s)} → CaO_{(s)} + H_2O_{(l)}\)

    Q17C

    Write chemical equations for the reactions you would expect to occur:

    1. The reduction of CaF2 to Ca metal with Ba as the reducing agent.
    2. Reaction of strontium metal with Cl2(l)
    3. Complete neutralization of hydroflouric acid with quicklime

    S17C

    1. \(CaF_{2(s)} + Ba_{(s)} → Ca_{(s)} + BaF_{2(s)}\)
    2. \(Sr_{(s)} + Cl_{2(l)} → SrCl_{2(s)}\)
    3. \(2HF_{(aq)} + CaO_{(s)} → CaF_{2(s)} + H_2O_{(l)}\)

    Q17D

    Write a chemical equation for:

    1. The reduction of MgCl2(s) to magnesium metal with calcium as a reducing agent
    2. The reaction of beryllium metal with Cl2(g) at high temperatures
    3. The neutralization reaction of sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide

    S17D

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    1. \(MgCl_{2(s)} + Ca_{(s)} → Mg_{(s)} + CaCl_{2(s)}\)
    2. \(Be_{(s)} + Cl_{2(g)} → BeCl_{2(s)}\)
    3. \(H_2SO_{4 (aq)} + 2NH_4OH_{(aq)} \rightarrow (NH_4)_2SO_{4 (s)} + 2H_2O_{(l)}\)

    Q39A

    What are diamonds made of? What forces hold them together and although it may not seem like it, how are graphite and diamonds related?

    S39A

    Diamonds/graphite are both composed entirely of carbons. While graphite is very soft, the carbon atoms of diamonds form one of the hardest known substances. In diamonds, each carbon atom is the same distance from each other. This forms a rigid network and this doesn't allow the atoms to move. Graphite, on the other hand, has strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms but has weak forces between the different carbon layers. Diamonds are covalent network solids.

    Q39B

    What properties contribute to the high melting points found in diamonds?

    S39B

    Connected via covalent bonds, carbon atoms act as the building blocks of diamond and possess the unique ability to join together to form highly stable cubic structures. The extreme stability of these carbon bonds is very difficult to overcome and contributes to the observably high melting points of diamond structures. http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    Q39C

    Name 3 difference between diamond and graphite.

    S39C

    Diamonds are bad conductors, very hard, transparent, and crystallize in an isometric system
    Graphite are good conductors, very brittle, opaque, and crystallize in a hexagonal system

    Q41A

    Write a chemical equation to represent:

    1. The reduction of Lead(II)Oxide by aluminum
    2. Thallium carbonate is created with thallium(I) hydroxide with carbon dioxide

    S41A

    1. (s)3Sn(s) + Al2O3(s) → 2Al(s) + 3SnOA)
    2. C) TiOH(aq) + CO2(g) → TiCO3(s) + H+(aq)

    Q41B

    Write a chemical equation for:

    1. The reduction of Lead (ii) Oxide to elemental lead by heating with carbon
    2. The reaction of Na2Si with water to produce sodium silicate

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    S41B

    1. \(PbO_{(s)} + C_{(s)} → Pb_{(l)} + CO_{(g)}\)
    2. \(Na_2Si_{(s)} + 3H_2O_{(l)} → Na_2SiO_{3(aq)} + 3H_{2(g)}\)

    Q41C

    Write a chemical equation to represent:

    1. The reduction of Tin(II)Oxide by aluminum
    2. The reaction of CO2(g) with water

    S41C

    1. \(3SnO_{(s)} + 2Al_{(s)} → Al_2O_{3(s)} + 3Sn_{(s)}\)
    2. \(H_2O_{(l)} + CO_{2(g)} → \underset{\text{Carbonic Acid}}{H_2CO_{3(aq)}}\)

    Q41D

    Predict the chemical equation for:

    1. the formation of methane from the reaction of Ga4C3 and water
    2. the breakdown of germanium dioxide in the presence of boron

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    S41D

    1. Ga4C3(s) + 12H2O(l) → 3CH4(g) + 4Ga(OH)3(s)
    2. 3GeO2(s) + 4B(s) →2B2O3(s) + 3Ge(s)

    Q49

    Write plausible chemical equations for the:

    1. Preparation of sodium metasilate by high temp fusion of (silica) and (sodium carbonate)
    2. Creation of Tin(l) and carbon monoxide gas. (Hint: reduction of carbon)
    3. Dissolving Tin(II) oxide in nitric acid
    4. Reduction of Au3+(aq) to Au1+(aq). How many electrons are transferred?
    5. Heating of PbCO3(s)

    S49

    1. 3 NaO2(s) + SiO2(s) → CO2(g) + Na2SiO3(s)
    2. SnO(s) + C(s) → Sn(l) + CO(g)
    3. SnO(s) + HNO3(aq) → Sn(NO3)2(s) + H2O(l)
    4. Au3+(aq) + 3e- → Au1+ 3 electrons transferred in this reaction
    5. PbCO3(s) → PbO(s) + CO2(g)

    Q49

    Predict the chemical equation for:

    1. lead(II) oxide in hydrochloric acid
    2. thermal decomposition of SiCO3(s)
    3. reaction of tin(II)oxide and carbon, a reducing agent

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    S49

    1. PbO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + H2O(l)
    2. SiCO3(s) → SiO(s) + CO2(s)
    3. SnO(s) + C(s) →Sn(s) + CO(g)

    Q49

    Write chemical equations for:

    1. Dissolving calcium carbonate in sulfuric acid
    2. The production of stannic oxide (through heating process)
    3. The heating of copper chloride
    4. The reduction of Sn(IV) to Sn(I) using magnesium as a reducing agent (Hint: Start with SnCl4)
    5. The combustion of disilane

    S49

    http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Inorganic_Chemistry/Descriptive_Chemistry/Main_Group_Elements

    1. CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
    2. Sn(s) + O2(g) → SnO2(s)
    3. 2CuCl2 (aq) → 2 CuCl (aq) + Cl2(g)
    4. 2Mg(s) + SnCl4(aq) → 2 MgCl2(aq) + Sn(s)
    5. 2Si2H6(s) + 7 O2(g) → 4 SiO2(g)+ 6 H2O(l)

    Q73

    What is the chemical equation for the formation of an ionic hydride from the element Na?

    S73

    \[2Na_{(s)} + H_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2NaH_{(s)}\]

    For more info, see Additional Resources.


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