HW Solutions #6
- Page ID
- 2849
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)33. Assume that in the reaction of Cu2+ with ammonia, the only complex ion to form is the tetraammine species, [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
Given a solution where the initial [Cu2+] is 0.10M, and the initial [NH3] is 1.0M and that β4 (the final step) = 2.1 x 1013, calculate the equilibrium concentration of the Cu2+ ion.
Assume that in the reaction of Cu2+ with ammonia, the only complex ion to form is the tetraammine species, [Cu(NH3)4]2+.
Given a solution where the initial [Cu2+] is 0.10M, and the initial [NH3] is 1.0M and that β4 = 2.1 x 1013, calculate the equilibrium concentration of the Cu2+ ion.
The answers again were:
- 7.9 x 10-15
- 1.3 x 10-14
- 3.7 x 10-14
- 1.6 x 10-11
The reaction involved is:
Cu2+ + 4 NH3 <=> [Cu(NH3)4]2+
and the equilibrium constant can be expressed in terms of concentrations as:
[Cu(NH3)4]2+
β4= ------------------------ = 2.1 x 1013
[Cu2+] [NH3]4
Initially, the concentrations are given as:
Cu2+ + 4 NH3 <=> [Cu(NH3)4]2+
0.1 1.0 0
RHS 0 0.6 0.1
EQ. x 0.6+4x 0.1-x
RHS would correspond to the reaction going completely to the right-hand side. This is nearly true, given the large size of the equilibrium constant quoted.
EQ. corresponds to a slight shift back from the RHS values by an amount x which represents the equilibrium concentration of the free Cu2+ ions we are interested in finding.
Hence we can now solve for x to get the answer. To make matters much simpler we can assume that since x is very small, then (0.1-x) is approximately 0.1 and (0.6 + 4x) is roughly 0.6.
The equilibrium expression then turns out to be:
[Cu(NH3)4]2+
b4 = -------------------- = 2.1 x 1013
[Cu2+] [NH3]4
0.1
= -------------------- = 2.1 x 1013
(x) (0.6)4
and by rearranging we get
0.1
[Cu2+] = -----------------------
(0.6)4 (2.1 x 1013)
or [Cu2+]= 3.7 x 10-14 M, a very small quantity indeed, which justifies our assumption that (0.1+x) is approximately 0.1.