Appendix E: Water Properties
| Temperature | Density (g/mL) |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0.9998395 |
| 4 | 0.9999720 (density maximum) |
| 10 | 0.9997026 |
| 15 | 0.9991026 |
| 20 | 0.9982071 |
| 22 | 0.9977735 |
| 25 | 0.9970479 |
| 30 | 0.9956502 |
| 40 | 0.9922 |
| 60 | 0.9832 |
| 80 | 0.9718 |
| 100 | 0.9584 |
| Temperature | Vapor Pressure (torr) | Vapor Pressure (Pa) |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 4.6 | 613.2812 |
| 4 | 6.1 | 813.2642 |
| 10 | 9.2 | 1226.562 |
| 15 | 12.8 | 1706.522 |
| 20 | 17.5 | 2333.135 |
| 22 | 19.8 | 2639.776 |
| 25 | 23.8 | 3173.064 |
| 30 | 31.8 | 4239.64 |
| 35 | 42.2 | 5626.188 |
| 40 | 55.3 | 7372.707 |
| 45 | 71.9 | 9585.852 |
| 50 | 92.5 | 12332.29 |
| 55 | 118.0 | 15732 |
| 60 | 149.4 | 19918.31 |
| 65 | 187.5 | 24997.88 |
| 70 | 233.7 | 31157.35 |
| 75 | 289.1 | 38543.39 |
| 80 | 355.1 | 47342.64 |
| 85 | 433.6 | 57808.42 |
| 90 | 525.8 | 70100.71 |
| 95 | 633.9 | 84512.82 |
| 100 | 760.0 | 101324.7 |
| Temperature | K w 10 –14 | pK w 1 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.112 | 14.95 |
| 5 | 0.182 | 14.74 |
| 10 | 0.288 | 14.54 |
| 15 | 0.465 | 14.33 |
| 20 | 0.671 | 14.17 |
| 25 | 0.991 | 14.00 |
| 30 | 1.432 | 13.84 |
| 35 | 2.042 | 13.69 |
| 40 | 2.851 | 13.55 |
| 45 | 3.917 | 13.41 |
| 50 | 5.297 | 13.28 |
| 55 | 7.080 | 13.15 |
| 60 | 9.311 | 13.03 |
| 75 | 19.95 | 12.70 |
| 100 | 56.23 | 12.25 |
| C°(H 2 O( l )) = 4.184 J∙g -1 ∙°C -1 |
| C°(H 2 O( s )) = 1.864 J∙K −1 ∙g −1 |
| C°(H 2 O( g )) = 2.093 J∙K −1 ∙g −1 |
| Temperature (K) | Δ H (kJ/mol) | |
|---|---|---|
| melting | 273.15 | 6.088 |
| boiling | 373.15 | 40.656 (44.016 at 298 K) |
| K f = 1.86°C∙kg∙mol −1 (cryoscopic constant) |
| K b = 0.51°C∙kg∙mol −1 (ebullioscopic constant) |