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active electrode
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electrode that participates as a reactant or product in the oxidation-reduction reaction of an electrochemical cell; the mass of an active electrode changes during the oxidation-reduction reaction
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alkaline battery
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primary battery similar to a
dry cell
that uses an alkaline (often potassium hydroxide) electrolyte; designed to be an improved replacement for the dry cell, but with more energy storage and less electrolyte leakage than typical dry cell
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anode
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electrode in an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs
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battery
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single or series of galvanic cells designed for use as a source of electrical power
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cathode
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electrode in an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs
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cathodic protection
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approach to preventing corrosion of a metal object by connecting it to a
sacrificial anode
composed of a more readily oxidized metal
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cell notation (schematic)
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symbolic representation of the components and reactions in an electrochemical cell
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cell potential (
E
cell
)
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difference in potential of the cathode and anode half-cells
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concentration cell
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galvanic cell comprising half-cells of identical composition but for the concentration of one redox reactant or product
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corrosion
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degradation of metal via a natural electrochemical process
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dry cell
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primary battery, also called a zinc-carbon battery, based on the spontaneous oxidation of zinc by manganese(IV)
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electrode potential (
E
X
)
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the potential of a cell in which the half-cell of interest acts as a cathode when connected to the standard hydrogen electrode
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electrolysis
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process using electrical energy to cause a nonspontaneous process to occur
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electrolytic cell
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electrochemical cell in which an external source of electrical power is used to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous process
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Faraday’s constant (F)
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charge on 1 mol of electrons;
F
= 96,485 C/mol e
−
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fuel cell
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devices similar to galvanic cells that require a continuous feed of redox reactants; also called a
flow battery
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galvanic (voltaic) cell
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electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous redox reaction takes place; also called a
voltaic cell
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galvanization
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method of protecting iron or similar metals from corrosion by coating with a thin layer of more easily oxidized zinc.
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half cell
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component of a cell that contains the redox conjugate pair (“couple”) of a single reactant
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inert electrode
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electrode that conducts electrons to and from the reactants in a half-cell but that is not itself oxidized or reduced
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lead acid battery
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rechargeable battery commonly used in automobiles; it typically comprises six galvanic cells based on Pb half-reactions in acidic solution
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lithium ion battery
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widely used rechargeable battery commonly used in portable electronic devices, based on lithium ion transfer between the anode and cathode
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Nernst equation
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relating the potential of a redox system to its composition
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nickel-cadmium battery
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rechargeable battery based on Ni/Cd half-cells with applications similar to those of lithium ion batteries
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primary cell
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nonrechargeable battery, suitable for single use only
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sacrificial anode
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electrode constructed from an easily oxidized metal, often magnesium or zinc, used to prevent corrosion of metal objects via cathodic protection
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salt bridge
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tube filled with inert electrolyte solution
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secondary cell
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battery designed to allow recharging
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standard cell potential
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the cell potential when all reactants and products are in their standard states (1 bar or 1 atm or gases; 1
M
for solutes), usually at 298.15 K
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standard electrode potential ()
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electrode potential measured under standard conditions (1 bar or 1 atm for gases; 1
M
for solutes) usually at 298.15 K
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standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
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half-cell based on hydrogen ion production, assigned a potential of exactly 0 V under standard state conditions, used as the universal reference for measuring electrode potential
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