17.8: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 415270
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Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
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(Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
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active electrode | electrode that participates as a reactant or product in the oxidation-reduction reaction of an electrochemical cell; the mass of an active electrode changes during the oxidation-reduction reaction | ||||
alkaline battery | primary battery similar to a dry cell that uses an alkaline (often potassium hydroxide) electrolyte; designed to be an improved replacement for the dry cell, but with more energy storage and less electrolyte leakage than typical dry cell | ||||
anode | electrode in an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs | ||||
battery | single or series of galvanic cells designed for use as a source of electrical power | ||||
cathode | electrode in an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs | ||||
cathodic protection | approach to preventing corrosion of a metal object by connecting it to a sacrificial anode composed of a more readily oxidized metal | ||||
cell notation (schematic) | symbolic representation of the components and reactions in an electrochemical cell | ||||
cell potential (Ecell) | difference in potential of the cathode and anode half-cells | ||||
concentration cell | galvanic cell comprising half-cells of identical composition but for the concentration of one redox reactant or product | ||||
corrosion | degradation of metal via a natural electrochemical process | ||||
dry cell | primary battery, also called a zinc-carbon battery, based on the spontaneous oxidation of zinc by manganese(IV) | ||||
electrode potential (EX) | the potential of a cell in which the half-cell of interest acts as a cathode when connected to the standard hydrogen electrode | ||||
electrolysis | process using electrical energy to cause a nonspontaneous process to occur | ||||
electrolytic cell | electrochemical cell in which an external source of electrical power is used to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous process | ||||
Faraday’s constant (F) | charge on 1 mol of electrons; F = 96,485 C/mol e− | ||||
fuel cell | devices similar to galvanic cells that require a continuous feed of redox reactants; also called a flow battery | ||||
galvanic (voltaic) cell | electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous redox reaction takes place; also called a voltaic cell | ||||
galvanization | method of protecting iron or similar metals from corrosion by coating with a thin layer of more easily oxidized zinc. | ||||
half cell | component of a cell that contains the redox conjugate pair (“couple”) of a single reactant | ||||
inert electrode | electrode that conducts electrons to and from the reactants in a half-cell but that is not itself oxidized or reduced | ||||
lead acid battery | rechargeable battery commonly used in automobiles; it typically comprises six galvanic cells based on Pb half-reactions in acidic solution | ||||
lithium ion battery | widely used rechargeable battery commonly used in portable electronic devices, based on lithium ion transfer between the anode and cathode | ||||
Nernst equation | relating the potential of a redox system to its composition | ||||
nickel-cadmium battery | rechargeable battery based on Ni/Cd half-cells with applications similar to those of lithium ion batteries | ||||
primary cell | nonrechargeable battery, suitable for single use only | ||||
sacrificial anode | electrode constructed from an easily oxidized metal, often magnesium or zinc, used to prevent corrosion of metal objects via cathodic protection | ||||
salt bridge | tube filled with inert electrolyte solution | ||||
secondary cell | battery designed to allow recharging | ||||
standard cell potential | the cell potential when all reactants and products are in their standard states (1 bar or 1 atm or gases; 1 M for solutes), usually at 298.15 K | ||||
standard electrode potential () | electrode potential measured under standard conditions (1 bar or 1 atm for gases; 1 M for solutes) usually at 298.15 K | ||||
standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) | half-cell based on hydrogen ion production, assigned a potential of exactly 0 V under standard state conditions, used as the universal reference for measuring electrode potential |