17.8: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 415270
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active electrode | electrode that participates as a reactant or product in the oxidation-reduction reaction of an electrochemical cell; the mass of an active electrode changes during the oxidation-reduction reaction | ||||
| alkaline battery | primary battery similar to a dry cell that uses an alkaline (often potassium hydroxide) electrolyte; designed to be an improved replacement for the dry cell, but with more energy storage and less electrolyte leakage than typical dry cell | ||||
| anode | electrode in an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs | ||||
| battery | single or series of galvanic cells designed for use as a source of electrical power | ||||
| cathode | electrode in an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs | ||||
| cathodic protection | approach to preventing corrosion of a metal object by connecting it to a sacrificial anode composed of a more readily oxidized metal | ||||
| cell notation (schematic) | symbolic representation of the components and reactions in an electrochemical cell | ||||
| cell potential (Ecell) | difference in potential of the cathode and anode half-cells | ||||
| concentration cell | galvanic cell comprising half-cells of identical composition but for the concentration of one redox reactant or product | ||||
| corrosion | degradation of metal via a natural electrochemical process | ||||
| dry cell | primary battery, also called a zinc-carbon battery, based on the spontaneous oxidation of zinc by manganese(IV) | ||||
| electrode potential (EX) | the potential of a cell in which the half-cell of interest acts as a cathode when connected to the standard hydrogen electrode | ||||
| electrolysis | process using electrical energy to cause a nonspontaneous process to occur | ||||
| electrolytic cell | electrochemical cell in which an external source of electrical power is used to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous process | ||||
| Faraday’s constant (F) | charge on 1 mol of electrons; F = 96,485 C/mol e− | ||||
| fuel cell | devices similar to galvanic cells that require a continuous feed of redox reactants; also called a flow battery | ||||
| galvanic (voltaic) cell | electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous redox reaction takes place; also called a voltaic cell | ||||
| galvanization | method of protecting iron or similar metals from corrosion by coating with a thin layer of more easily oxidized zinc. | ||||
| half cell | component of a cell that contains the redox conjugate pair (“couple”) of a single reactant | ||||
| inert electrode | electrode that conducts electrons to and from the reactants in a half-cell but that is not itself oxidized or reduced | ||||
| lead acid battery | rechargeable battery commonly used in automobiles; it typically comprises six galvanic cells based on Pb half-reactions in acidic solution | ||||
| lithium ion battery | widely used rechargeable battery commonly used in portable electronic devices, based on lithium ion transfer between the anode and cathode | ||||
| Nernst equation | relating the potential of a redox system to its composition | ||||
| nickel-cadmium battery | rechargeable battery based on Ni/Cd half-cells with applications similar to those of lithium ion batteries | ||||
| primary cell | nonrechargeable battery, suitable for single use only | ||||
| sacrificial anode | electrode constructed from an easily oxidized metal, often magnesium or zinc, used to prevent corrosion of metal objects via cathodic protection | ||||
| salt bridge | tube filled with inert electrolyte solution | ||||
| secondary cell | battery designed to allow recharging | ||||
| standard cell potential | the cell potential when all reactants and products are in their standard states (1 bar or 1 atm or gases; 1 M for solutes), usually at 298.15 K | ||||
| standard electrode potential () | electrode potential measured under standard conditions (1 bar or 1 atm for gases; 1 M for solutes) usually at 298.15 K | ||||
| standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) | half-cell based on hydrogen ion production, assigned a potential of exactly 0 V under standard state conditions, used as the universal reference for measuring electrode potential |