16.5: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 415258
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
| Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| entropy (S) | state function that is a measure of the matter and/or energy dispersal within a system, determined by the number of system microstates; often described as a measure of the disorder of the system | ||||
| Gibbs free energy change (G) | thermodynamic property defined in terms of system enthalpy and entropy; all spontaneous processes involve a decrease in G | ||||
| microstate | possible configuration or arrangement of matter and energy within a system | ||||
| nonspontaneous process | process that requires continual input of energy from an external source | ||||
| reversible process | process that takes place so slowly as to be capable of reversing direction in response to an infinitesimally small change in conditions; hypothetical construct that can only be approximated by real processes | ||||
| second law of thermodynamics | all spontaneous processes involve an increase in the entropy of the universe | ||||
| spontaneous change | process that takes place without a continuous input of energy from an external source | ||||
| standard entropy (S°) | entropy for one mole of a substance at 1 bar pressure; tabulated values are usually determined at 298.15 K | ||||
| standard entropy change (ΔS°) | change in entropy for a reaction calculated using the standard entropies | ||||
| standard free energy change (ΔG°) | change in free energy for a process occurring under standard conditions (1 bar pressure for gases, 1 M concentration for solutions) | ||||
| standard free energy of formation | change in free energy accompanying the formation of one mole of substance from its elements in their standard states | ||||
| third law of thermodynamics | entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero (0 K) is zero |