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common ion effect
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effect on equilibrium when a substance with an ion in common with the dissolved species is added to the solution; causes a decrease in the solubility of an ionic species, or a decrease in the ionization of a weak acid or base
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complex ion
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ion consisting of a central atom surrounding molecules or ions called ligands via coordinate covalent bonds
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coordinate covalent bond
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(also, dative bond) covalent bond in which both electrons originated from the same atom
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coupled equilibria
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system characterized the simultaneous establishment of two or more equilibrium reactions sharing one or more reactant or product
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dissociation constant
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(
K
d
) equilibrium constant for the decomposition of a complex ion into its components
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formation constant
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(
K
f
) (also, stability constant) equilibrium constant for the formation of a complex ion from its components
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Lewis acid
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any species that can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond
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Lewis acid-base adduct
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compound or ion that contains a coordinate covalent bond between a Lewis acid and a Lewis base
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Lewis acid-base chemistry
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reactions involving the formation of coordinate covalent bonds
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Lewis base
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any species that can donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond
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ligand
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molecule or ion acting as a Lewis base in complex ion formation; bonds to the central atom of the complex
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molar solubility
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solubility of a compound expressed in units of moles per liter (mol/L)
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selective precipitation
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process in which ions are separated using differences in their solubility with a given precipitating reagent
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solubility product constant (
K
sp
)
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equilibrium constant for the dissolution of an ionic compound
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