14.8: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 415241
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Words (or words that have the same definition) | The definition is case sensitive | (Optional) Image to display with the definition [Not displayed in Glossary, only in pop-up on pages] | (Optional) Caption for Image | (Optional) External or Internal Link | (Optional) Source for Definition |
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(Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") | ![]() | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
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acid ionization | reaction involving the transfer of a proton from an acid to water, yielding hydronium ions and the conjugate base of the acid | ||||
acid ionization constant (Ka) | equilibrium constant for an acid ionization reaction | ||||
acid-base indicator | weak acid or base whose conjugate partner imparts a different solution color; used in visual assessments of solution pH | ||||
acidic | a solution in which [H3O+] > [OH−] | ||||
amphiprotic | species that may either donate or accept a proton in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction | ||||
amphoteric | species that can act as either an acid or a base | ||||
autoionization | reaction between identical species yielding ionic products; for water, this reaction involves transfer of protons to yield hydronium and hydroxide ions | ||||
base ionization | reaction involving the transfer of a proton from water to a base, yielding hydroxide ions and the conjugate acid of the base | ||||
base ionization constant (Kb) | equilibrium constant for a base ionization reaction | ||||
basic | a solution in which [H3O+] < [OH−] | ||||
Brønsted-Lowry acid | proton donor | ||||
Brønsted-Lowry base | proton acceptor | ||||
buffer | mixture of appreciable amounts of a weak acid-base pair the pH of a buffer resists change when small amounts of acid or base are added | ||||
buffer capacity | amount of an acid or base that can be added to a volume of a buffer solution before its pH changes significantly (usually by one pH unit) | ||||
color-change interval | range in pH over which the color change of an indicator is observed | ||||
conjugate acid | substance formed when a base gains a proton | ||||
conjugate base | substance formed when an acid loses a proton | ||||
diprotic acid | acid containing two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule | ||||
diprotic base | base capable of accepting two protons | ||||
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation | logarithmic version of the acid ionization constant expression, conveniently formatted for calculating the pH of buffer solutions | ||||
ion-product constant for water (Kw) | equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water | ||||
leveling effect | observation that acid-base strength of solutes in a given solvent is limited to that of the solvent’s characteristic acid and base species (in water, hydronium and hydroxide ions, respectively) | ||||
monoprotic acid | acid containing one ionizable hydrogen atom per molecule | ||||
neutral | describes a solution in which [H3O+] = [OH−] | ||||
oxyacid | ternary compound with acidic properties, molecules of which contain a central nonmetallic atom bonded to one or more O atoms, at least one of which is bonded to an ionizable H atom | ||||
percent ionization | ratio of the concentration of ionized acid to initial acid concentration expressed as a percentage | ||||
pH | logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution | ||||
pOH | logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution | ||||
stepwise ionization | process in which a polyprotic acid is ionized by losing protons sequentially | ||||
titration curve | plot of some sample property (such as pH) versus volume of added titrant | ||||
triprotic acid | acid that contains three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule |