14.8: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 415241
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Eg. "Genetic, Hereditary, DNA ...") | (Eg. "Relating to genes or heredity") |  | The infamous double helix | https://bio.libretexts.org/ | CC-BY-SA; Delmar Larsen |
| Word(s) | Definition | Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acid ionization | reaction involving the transfer of a proton from an acid to water, yielding hydronium ions and the conjugate base of the acid | ||||
| acid ionization constant (Ka) | equilibrium constant for an acid ionization reaction | ||||
| acid-base indicator | weak acid or base whose conjugate partner imparts a different solution color; used in visual assessments of solution pH | ||||
| acidic | a solution in which [H3O+] > [OH−] | ||||
| amphiprotic | species that may either donate or accept a proton in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction | ||||
| amphoteric | species that can act as either an acid or a base | ||||
| autoionization | reaction between identical species yielding ionic products; for water, this reaction involves transfer of protons to yield hydronium and hydroxide ions | ||||
| base ionization | reaction involving the transfer of a proton from water to a base, yielding hydroxide ions and the conjugate acid of the base | ||||
| base ionization constant (Kb) | equilibrium constant for a base ionization reaction | ||||
| basic | a solution in which [H3O+] < [OH−] | ||||
| Brønsted-Lowry acid | proton donor | ||||
| Brønsted-Lowry base | proton acceptor | ||||
| buffer | mixture of appreciable amounts of a weak acid-base pair the pH of a buffer resists change when small amounts of acid or base are added | ||||
| buffer capacity | amount of an acid or base that can be added to a volume of a buffer solution before its pH changes significantly (usually by one pH unit) | ||||
| color-change interval | range in pH over which the color change of an indicator is observed | ||||
| conjugate acid | substance formed when a base gains a proton | ||||
| conjugate base | substance formed when an acid loses a proton | ||||
| diprotic acid | acid containing two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule | ||||
| diprotic base | base capable of accepting two protons | ||||
| Henderson-Hasselbalch equation | logarithmic version of the acid ionization constant expression, conveniently formatted for calculating the pH of buffer solutions | ||||
| ion-product constant for water (Kw) | equilibrium constant for the autoionization of water | ||||
| leveling effect | observation that acid-base strength of solutes in a given solvent is limited to that of the solvent’s characteristic acid and base species (in water, hydronium and hydroxide ions, respectively) | ||||
| monoprotic acid | acid containing one ionizable hydrogen atom per molecule | ||||
| neutral | describes a solution in which [H3O+] = [OH−] | ||||
| oxyacid | ternary compound with acidic properties, molecules of which contain a central nonmetallic atom bonded to one or more O atoms, at least one of which is bonded to an ionizable H atom | ||||
| percent ionization | ratio of the concentration of ionized acid to initial acid concentration expressed as a percentage | ||||
| pH | logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydronium ions in a solution | ||||
| pOH | logarithmic measure of the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution | ||||
| stepwise ionization | process in which a polyprotic acid is ionized by losing protons sequentially | ||||
| titration curve | plot of some sample property (such as pH) versus volume of added titrant | ||||
| triprotic acid | acid that contains three ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule |