|
aqueous solution
|
solution for which water is the solvent
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avogadro’s number (
N
A
)
|
experimentally determined value of the number of entities comprising 1 mole of substance, equal to 6.022 10
23
mol
−1
|
|
|
|
|
|
concentrated
|
qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively high concentration
|
|
|
|
|
|
concentration
|
quantitative measure of the relative amounts of solute and solvent present in a solution
|
|
|
|
|
|
dilute
|
qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively low concentration
|
|
|
|
|
|
dilution
|
process of adding solvent to a solution in order to lower the concentration of solutes
|
|
|
|
|
|
dissolved
|
describes the process by which solute components are dispersed in a solvent
|
|
|
|
|
|
empirical formula mass
|
sum of average atomic masses for all atoms represented in an empirical formula
|
|
|
|
|
|
formula mass
|
sum of the average masses for all atoms represented in a chemical formula; for covalent compounds, this is also the molecular mass
|
|
|
|
|
|
mass percentage
|
ratio of solute-to-solution mass expressed as a percentage
|
|
|
|
|
|
mass-volume percent
|
ratio of solute mass to solution volume, expressed as a percentage
|
|
|
|
|
|
molar mass
|
mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
|
|
|
|
|
|
molarity (
M
)
|
unit of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution
|
|
|
|
|
|
mole
|
amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other entities as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of
12
C
|
|
|
|
|
|
parts per billion (ppb)
|
ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10
9
|
|
|
|
|
|
parts per million (ppm)
|
ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
percent composition
|
percentage by mass of the various elements in a compound
|
|
|
|
|
|
solute
|
solution component present in a concentration less than that of the solvent
|
|
|
|
|
|
solvent
|
solution component present in a concentration that is higher relative to other components
|
|
|
|
|
|
volume percentage
|
ratio of solute-to-solution volume expressed as a percentage
|
|
|
|
|