17: Catalysis review
- Page ID
- 144185
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
Name: ______________________________
Section: _____________________________
Student ID#:__________________________
Catalysis Review
Review: Summary of Catalysis Ideas*
*Answers in Canvas
Catalysts:
- Provide an alternative reaction pathway that has (higher/lower) E.
- Are ________________ (regenerated/consumed).
- Sketch a reaction profile of an un-catalyzed reaction.
- Sketch a reaction profile of a catalyzed version of that reaction. Label the important changes.
Different catalytic approaches:
- Acid or Lewis Acid: Increase the __________ of a carbonyl. Explain using the example below.
- Base: Increase the ___________ of the nucleophile.
- Transition Metals they bind (reversibly/irreversible) to ligands; that ability lets them hold reactants close together. They also provide alternate reactions with (higher/lower) ΔG.
- Enzymes:
- Reduces the reaction entropy change in which step? (Circle one)
E + S -> E· S -> E· P -> E + P
Explain.
- Lower the activation barrier by stabilizing ____________.
Circle the catalyzed pathway below and explain which compound/complex was stabilized.
- Enzymes bind substrates using ________________. Provide an example.
- Enzymes (stabilize/destabilize) the substrate by straining the shape of the substrate. Explain using the picture below.
- Enzymes use acid and base catalysis. Show the arrows. Explain how this differs from solution phase base catalysis.
- Enzymes convert the substrate into new substrate with a more electrophilic group. This is called
. Add arrows to the example below and clearly state how this strategy is employed.
- Reduces the reaction entropy change in which step? (Circle one)
Review: Enzyme Binding
- Define active site.
- How does an enzyme bind a substrate? List some strategies.
- There are two models for enzyme binding. Provide definitions for the two models that clearly differentiate between them.
- lock-and-key model:
- induced fit model:
- Define allosteric site.
- What is the difference between allosteric regulation and competitive inhibition?