28: Levels of Organization
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Unit 1 provide students with a basic understanding of human anatomy and physiology, including its language, the levels of organization, and the basics of chemistry and cell biology. These chapters provide a foundation for the further study of the body. They also focus particularly on how the body’s regions, important chemicals, and cells maintain homeostasis.
- 28.1: An Introduction to the Human Body
- This chapter begins with an overview of anatomy and physiology and a preview of the body regions and functions. It then covers the characteristics of life and how the body works to maintain stable conditions. It introduces a set of standard terms for body structures and for planes and positions in the body that will serve as a foundation for more comprehensive information covered later in the text. It ends with examples of medical imaging used to see inside the living body.
- 28.1.1: Introduction
- 28.1.2: Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
- 28.1.3: Structural Organization of the Human Body
- 28.1.4: Functions of Human Life
- 28.1.5: Requirements for Human Life
- 28.1.6: Homeostasis
- 28.1.7: Anatomical Terminology
- 28.1.8: Medical Imaging
- 28.1.9: Key Terms
- 28.1.10: Chapter Review
- 28.1.11: Interactive Link Questions
- 28.1.12: Review Questions
- 28.1.13: Critical Thinking Questions
- 28.2: The Chemical Level of Organization
- 28.2.1: Introduction
- 28.2.2: Elements and Atoms - The Building Blocks of Matter
- 28.2.3: Chemical Bonds
- 28.2.4: Chemical Reactions
- 28.2.5: Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
- 28.2.6: Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
- 28.2.7: Key Terms
- 28.2.8: Chapter Review
- 28.2.9: Interactive Link Questions
- 28.2.10: Review Questions
- 28.2.11: Critical Thinking Questions
- 28.3: The Cellular Level of Organization
- Cellular and developmental biologists study how the continued division of a single cell leads to such complexity and differentiation.
- 28.3.1: Introduction
- 28.3.2: The Cell Membrane
- 28.3.3: The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
- 28.3.4: The Nucleus and DNA Replication
- 28.3.5: Protein Synthesis
- 28.3.6: Cell Growth and Division
- 28.3.7: Cellular Differentiation
- 28.3.8: Key Terms
- 28.3.9: Chapter Review
- 28.3.10: Interactive Link Questions
- 28.3.11: Review Questions
- 28.3.12: Critical Thinking Questions
- 28.4: The Tissue Level of Organization
- 28.4.1: Introduction
- 28.4.2: Types of Tissues
- 28.4.3: Epithelial Tissue
- 28.4.4: Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
- 28.4.5: Muscle Tissue and Motion
- 28.4.6: Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response
- 28.4.7: Tissue Injury and Aging
- 28.4.8: Key Terms
- 28.4.9: Chapter Review
- 28.4.10: Interactive Link Questions
- 28.4.11: Review Questions
- 28.4.12: Critical Thinking Questions