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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.08%3A_ProblemsThis page presents a comprehensive set of problems in chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Key topics include calculating theoretical plates, resolving power, chromatographic resol...This page presents a comprehensive set of problems in chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Key topics include calculating theoretical plates, resolving power, chromatographic resolution, retention indices, ion balances, and evaluating chromatographic data for various compounds. Problems engage chemical principles such as pH impact, calibration curves, and the Van Deemter equation.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.10%3A_Chapter_Summary_and_Key_TermsThis page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors,...This page highlights the fundamentals of chromatography and electrophoresis, potent analytical techniques used to separate and analyze sample components. It details concepts such as retention factors, column efficiency, and selectivity in chromatographic separations, and how methods like gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are applied.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/26%3A_Introduction_to_Chromatographic_Separations/26.01%3A_A_General_Description_of_ChromatographyIn chromatography we pass a sample-free phase, which we call the mobile phase, over a second sample-free stationary phase that remains fixed in space. We inject the sample into the mobile phase where ...In chromatography we pass a sample-free phase, which we call the mobile phase, over a second sample-free stationary phase that remains fixed in space. We inject the sample into the mobile phase where its components partition between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. The types of mobile phases and stationary phases, how these two phases contact each other, and how the solutes interact with the two phases are useful ways describe a chromatographic method.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Instrumental_Analysis_(LibreTexts)/28%3A_High-Performance_Liquid_ChromatographyIn high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) we inject the sample, which is in solution form, into a liquid mobile phase. The mobile phase carries the sample through a packed or capillary column t...In high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) we inject the sample, which is in solution form, into a liquid mobile phase. The mobile phase carries the sample through a packed or capillary column that separates the sample’s components based on their ability to partition between the mobile phase and the stationary phase. By adjusting conditions it usually is possible to design a separation so that analytes elute by themselves, even when the mixture is complex.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Basic_Principles_of_Organic_Chemistry_(Roberts_and_Caserio)/25%3A_Amino_Acids_Peptides_and_Proteins/25.07%3A_Peptides_and_ProteinsAmino acids are the building blocks of the polyamide structures of peptides and proteins. Each amino acid is linked to another by an amide (or peptide) bond formed between the amine group of one and ...Amino acids are the building blocks of the polyamide structures of peptides and proteins. Each amino acid is linked to another by an amide (or peptide) bond formed between the amine group of one and the acid group of the other. In this manner a polymeric structure of repeating amide links is built into a chain or ring. The amide groups are planar and configuration about the C−NC−N bond is usually, but not always, trans.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.09%3A_Additional_ResourcesThe page provides a comprehensive list of experiments and references related to chromatography and electrophoresis. It categorizes experiments into gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromato...The page provides a comprehensive list of experiments and references related to chromatography and electrophoresis. It categorizes experiments into gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and electrophoresis.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Los_Angeles_Trade_Technical_College/Analytical_Chemistry/2%3A_Analytical_Chemistry_2.0_(Harvey)/13%3A_Chromatographic/13.6%3A_Other_Forms_of_Liquid_ChromatographyIn this section we turn our attention to liquid chromatography techniques in which partitioning occurs by liquid–solid adsorption, ion-exchange, and size exclusion.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.01%3A_Overview_of_Analytical_SeparationsThe text discusses methods for separating analytes from interferents, focusing on liquid-liquid extractions and chromatography. Liquid-liquid extractions involve partitioning solutes between two immis...The text discusses methods for separating analytes from interferents, focusing on liquid-liquid extractions and chromatography. Liquid-liquid extractions involve partitioning solutes between two immiscible phases, but face limitations, such as the need for multiple extractions and difficulty separating species with similar distribution ratios. A countercurrent extraction can improve separation efficiency.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry_2.1_(Harvey)/12%3A_Chromatographic_and_Electrophoretic_Methods/12.06%3A_Other_Forms_of_ChromatographyThe text covers various liquid chromatography techniques, focusing on liquid-solid adsorption, ion-exchange, and size-exclusion chromatography. Liquid-solid chromatography involves polar stationary ph...The text covers various liquid chromatography techniques, focusing on liquid-solid adsorption, ion-exchange, and size-exclusion chromatography. Liquid-solid chromatography involves polar stationary phases and nonpolar solvents for separating compounds, excelling in analyzing isomers. Ion-exchange chromatography uses resin beads with ionic functional groups to separate ions based on their affinity for the exchange sites, utilizing gradient elutions to affect solute retention.
