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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/De_Anza_College/CHEM_10%3A_Introduction_to_Chemistry_(Parajon_Puenzo)/14%3A_Carbohydrates/14.S%3A_Carbohydrates_(Summary)To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Chem_322_Lecture_Content/02%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/2.03%3A_Hemiacetals_Hemiketals_and_HydratesOne of the most important examples of a nucleophilic addition reaction in biochemistry, and in carbohydrate chemistry in particular, is the addition of an alcohol to a ketone or aldehyde. When an alco...One of the most important examples of a nucleophilic addition reaction in biochemistry, and in carbohydrate chemistry in particular, is the addition of an alcohol to a ketone or aldehyde. When an alcohol adds to an aldehyde, the result is called a hemiacetal; when an alcohol adds to a ketone the resulting product is a hemiketal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/26%3A_Biochemistry/26.03%3A_PolysaccharidesThis page discusses the preparation of serious runners for marathons in hot temperatures through carbo-loading to maximize glycogen storage. It explains polysaccharides, including starch (energy stora...This page discusses the preparation of serious runners for marathons in hot temperatures through carbo-loading to maximize glycogen storage. It explains polysaccharides, including starch (energy storage in plants), glycogen (energy in animals), and cellulose (structural component of plants). Starch, found in foods like corn and potatoes, is comprised of glucose and can be broken down for energy, while cellulose is largely indigestible but crucial in various plant materials.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/De_Anza_College/CHEM_10%3A_Introduction_to_Chemistry_(Parajon_Puenzo)/14%3A_CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are major sources of energy in our diets. Rice, potatoes, bread, and fruit are rich in carbohydrates. These biomolecules contain several alcohol groups and an aldehyde or ketone functi...Carbohydrates are major sources of energy in our diets. Rice, potatoes, bread, and fruit are rich in carbohydrates. These biomolecules contain several alcohol groups and an aldehyde or ketone functional group. The simplest type of carbohydrates, monosaccharides, consists of a single sugar molecule. The monosaccharide glucose is the principal entry point into metabolic pathways for energy production, but we often do not ingest glucose in our food. In this chapter, we will discuss what carbohyd
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Biological_Chemistry)/Photosynthesis/Photosynthesis_overviewPhotosynthesis is a process that occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. These photosynthetic organisms (called autotrophs) use the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic compou...Photosynthesis is a process that occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. These photosynthetic organisms (called autotrophs) use the sun's energy to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic compounds, such as carbohydrates. An example of carbohydrates would be simple sugars such as glucose, mannose, or galactose.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/26%3A_Biochemistry/26.01%3A_MonosaccharidesThis page discusses the brain's dependence on glucose for energy, accounting for 25% of the body's glucose consumption despite its small weight. It highlights carbohydrates as the primary energy sourc...This page discusses the brain's dependence on glucose for energy, accounting for 25% of the body's glucose consumption despite its small weight. It highlights carbohydrates as the primary energy source, especially for athletes, and explains monosaccharides like glucose and fructose as simple sugars with unique properties. Additionally, it mentions pentoses, which are vital for the structural integrity of DNA and RNA.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/16%3A_Solutions/16.11%3A_MolalityThis page discusses the differences between molarity and molality as measures of solution concentration. Molarity is volume-based and influenced by temperature, while molality is mass-based and unaffe...This page discusses the differences between molarity and molality as measures of solution concentration. Molarity is volume-based and influenced by temperature, while molality is mass-based and unaffected by temperature. An example of a one-molal sodium chloride solution is provided. Although both measures are similar in dilute solutions, they differ significantly in concentrated solutions, making molality the preferred choice in temperature-dependent scenarios.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(Osborne)/06%3A_Carbohydrates/6.04%3A_Important_MonosaccharidesThree abundant hexoses in living organisms are the aldohexoses D-glucose and D-galactose and the ketohexose D-fructose.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(Osborne)/06%3A_Carbohydrates/6.S%3A_Carbohydrates_(Summary)To ensure that you understand the material in this chapter, you should review the meanings of the bold terms in the following summary and ask yourself how they relate to the topics in the chapter.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/SUNY_Oneonta/Organic_Chemistry_with_a_Biological_Emphasis_(SUNY_Oneonta)/10%3A_Nucleophilic_Carbonyl_Addition_Reactions/10.03%3A_Hemiacetals_Hemiketals_and_HydratesOne of the most important examples of a nucleophilic addition reaction in biochemistry, and in carbohydrate chemistry in particular, is the addition of an alcohol to a ketone or aldehyde. When an alco...One of the most important examples of a nucleophilic addition reaction in biochemistry, and in carbohydrate chemistry in particular, is the addition of an alcohol to a ketone or aldehyde. When an alcohol adds to an aldehyde, the result is called a hemiacetal; when an alcohol adds to a ketone the resulting product is a hemiketal.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Georgia_Southern_University/CHEM_1152%3A_Survey_of_Chemistry_II_(Osborne)/06%3A_CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are major sources of energy in our diets. Rice, potatoes, bread, and fruit are rich in carbohydrates. These biomolecules contain several alcohol groups and an aldehyde or ketone functi...Carbohydrates are major sources of energy in our diets. Rice, potatoes, bread, and fruit are rich in carbohydrates. These biomolecules contain several alcohol groups and an aldehyde or ketone functional group. The simplest type of carbohydrates, monosaccharides, consists of a single sugar molecule. The monosaccharide glucose is the principal entry point into metabolic pathways for energy production, but we often do not ingest glucose in our food. In this chapter, we will discuss what carbohyd
