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- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(OpenStax)/25%3A_Biomolecules_-_Carbohydrates/25.00%3A_Why_This_ChapterThe section explains the importance of carbohydrates as biomolecules. It discusses their central role in biology, serving as energy sources and structural components. Carbohydrates include simple suga...The section explains the importance of carbohydrates as biomolecules. It discusses their central role in biology, serving as energy sources and structural components. Carbohydrates include simple sugars and more complex molecules like starch and cellulose. This chapter explores their structures, functions, and significance in living organisms.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/28%3A_Levels_of_Organization/28.02%3A_The_Chemical_Level_of_Organization/28.2.06%3A_Organic_Compounds_Essential_to_Human_FunctioningFigure \PageIndex9: The Shape of Proteins (a) The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain. (b) The secondary structure, which can take the form of an ...Figure \PageIndex9: The Shape of Proteins (a) The primary structure is the sequence of amino acids that make up the polypeptide chain. (b) The secondary structure, which can take the form of an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet, is maintained by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the original polypeptide strand. (c) The tertiary structure occurs as a result of further folding and bonding of the secondary structure. (d) The quaternary structure occurs as a result …
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Chandler_Gilbert_Community_College/Fundamental_Organic_ala_Mech/03%3A_Representations_of_Molecules/3.05%3A_Conformations_of_Cycloalkanes/3.5.04%3A_Why_This_ChapterIn this and the next four chapters, we’ll focus on the major classes of biological molecules, beginning with a look at the structures and primary biological functions of carbohydrates. The word carboh...In this and the next four chapters, we’ll focus on the major classes of biological molecules, beginning with a look at the structures and primary biological functions of carbohydrates. The word carbohydrate derives historically from the fact that glucose, the first simple carbohydrate to be obtained in pure form, has the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6 and was originally thought to be a “hydrate of carbon, C 6 (H 2 O) 6 .” This view was soon abandoned, but the name persisted.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/General_Chemistry/ChemPRIME_(Moore_et_al.)/20%3A_Molecules_in_Living_Systems/20.03%3A_The_Building_Blocks_of_BiochemistryFortunately nearly all the substances found in living cells are polymeric—they are built up by different combinations of a limited number of relatively small molecules. For example, the basic structur...Fortunately nearly all the substances found in living cells are polymeric—they are built up by different combinations of a limited number of relatively small molecules. For example, the basic structures of all proteins in all organisms consist of covalently linked chains containing 100 or more amino acid residues. Only 20 different amino acids are commonly incorporated in proteins, but the number of ways of arranging 100 of these in a chain taking any of the amino acids at random for each place
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westfield_State_University/Chem0103_Chemistry_of_the_Life_Sciences_(Theis)/02%3A_Organic_Chemistry/2.05%3A_Extras/2.5.03%3A_Carbohydrates_(GenChem_Prime)Carbohydrates are sugars and sugar derivatives whose formulas can be written in the general form: Cx(H2O)y. (The subscripts x and y are whole numbers.) Some typical carbohydrates are sucrose (ordinary...Carbohydrates are sugars and sugar derivatives whose formulas can be written in the general form: Cx(H2O)y. (The subscripts x and y are whole numbers.) Some typical carbohydrates are sucrose (ordinary cane sugar), C12H22O11; glucose (dextrose), C6H12O6; fructose (fruit sugar), C6H12O6; and ribose, C5H10O5.Since the atom ratio H/O is 2/1 in each formula, these compounds were originally thought to be hydrates of carbon, hence their general name.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Westfield_State_University/Chem0103_Chemistry_of_the_Life_Sciences_(Theis)/04%3A_Biochemistry/4.03%3A_Extras/4.3.01%3A_Biological_MoleculesThere are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and each is an important component of the cell and performs a wide array of functions. C...There are four major classes of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), and each is an important component of the cell and performs a wide array of functions. Combined, these molecules make up the majority of a cell’s mass. Biological macromolecules are organic, meaning that they contain carbon (with some exceptions, like carbon dioxide).
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Williams_School/Advanced_Chemistry/14%3A_Biological_Polymers/14.01%3A_CarbohydratesAll carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. Examples of carbohydrates incl...All carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. Examples of carbohydrates include starch, fiber, the sweet-tasting compounds called sugars, and structural materials such as cellulose. The term carbohydrate had its origin in a misinterpretation of the molecular formulas of many of these substances.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Workbench/Pick_Your_Poison%3A_Introduction_to_Materials_Toxicology/24%3A_Biomolecules_-_Carbohydrates/24.01%3A_Why_This_ChapterThe section explains the importance of carbohydrates as biomolecules. It discusses their central role in biology, serving as energy sources and structural components. Carbohydrates include simple suga...The section explains the importance of carbohydrates as biomolecules. It discusses their central role in biology, serving as energy sources and structural components. Carbohydrates include simple sugars and more complex molecules like starch and cellulose. This chapter explores their structures, functions, and significance in living organisms.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/can/CHEM_232_-_Organic_Chemistry_II_(Puenzo)/11%3A_Biomolecules-_Carbohydrates/11.01%3A_IntroductionAll carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. (The 2870 kJ comes from solar ...All carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. (The 2870 kJ comes from solar energy.) Plants can use the glucose for energy or convert it to larger carbohydrates, such as starch or cellulose. We can gather and eat the parts of a plant that store energy—seeds, roots, tubers, and fruits—and use some of that energy ourselves.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_(Morsch_et_al.)/25%3A_Biomolecules-_Carbohydrates/25.00%3A_IntroductionAll carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. (The 2870 kJ comes from solar ...All carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. (The 2870 kJ comes from solar energy.) Plants can use the glucose for energy or convert it to larger carbohydrates, such as starch or cellulose. We can gather and eat the parts of a plant that store energy—seeds, roots, tubers, and fruits—and use some of that energy ourselves.
- https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Martin_Luther_College/Organic_Chemistry_-_MLC/05%3A_Biomolecules/5.01%3A_Biomolecules-_Carbohydrates/5.1.01%3A_IntroductionAll carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. (The 2870 kJ comes from solar ...All carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or are compounds that can be broken down to form such compounds. (The 2870 kJ comes from solar energy.) Plants can use the glucose for energy or convert it to larger carbohydrates, such as starch or cellulose. We can gather and eat the parts of a plant that store energy—seeds, roots, tubers, and fruits—and use some of that energy ourselves.
