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13: DNA and RNA - An Introduction

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    • 13.1: Amines as Bases
      Amines are bases; they react with acids to form salts. Salts of aniline are properly named as anilinium compounds, but an older system is used to name drugs: the salts of amine drugs and hydrochloric acid are called “hydrochlorides.” Heterocyclic amines are cyclic compounds with one or more nitrogen atoms in the ring.
    • 13.2: Nucleotides - The Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids
      Nucleotides are composed of three sub-units: a monosaccharide, an aromatic amine , and a phosphate.
    • 13.3: Polynucleotides
      Polynucleotides are formed from nucleotides joined together through the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the OH group on the third carbon atom of the sugar of a second nucleotide.
    • 13.4: Nucleic Acid Structure
      DNA is the nucleic acid that stores genetic information. RNA is the nucleic acid responsible for using the genetic information in DNA to produce proteins. Nucleotides are joined together to form nucleic acids.
    • 13.5: Replication of DNA
      In DNA replication, each strand of the original DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of a complementary strand. DNA polymerase is the primary enzyme needed for replication.
    • 13.6: Transcription
      In transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template for the synthesis of an RNA sequence. RNA polymerase is the primary enzyme needed for transcription. Three types of RNA are formed during transcription: mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
    • 13.7: Translation and the Genetic Code
      In translation, the information in mRNA directs the order of amino acids in protein synthesis. A set of three nucleotides called codon codes for a specific amino acid.
    • 13.8: Mutations and Genetic Diseases
      The nucleotide sequence in DNA may be modified either spontaneously or from exposure to heat, radiation, or certain chemicals and can lead to mutations.
    • 13.E: Nucleic Acids (Exercises)
      Problems and select solutions for the chapter.

    This page titled 13: DNA and RNA - An Introduction is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deboleena Roy (American River College) (Cañada College) .