6: Periodic Law and Periodic Properties of the Elements
- Page ID
- 465532
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The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus), electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. The periodic table can be used to derive relationships between the properties of the elements, and predict the properties of new elements yet to be discovered or synthesized. The periodic table provides a useful framework for analyzing chemical behavior, and is widely used in chemistry and other sciences.
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Chapter Sections
- 6.3: Periodicity
- The elements within the same group of the periodic table tend to exhibit similar physical and chemical properties. Four major factors affect reactivity of metals: nuclear charge, atomic radius, shielding effect and sublevel arrangement (of electrons). The noble gases are characterized by their high ionization energies and low electron affinities. Potent oxidants are needed to oxidize the noble gases to form compounds. The noble gases have a closed-shell valence electron configuration. The ioniz
- 6.4: Effective Nuclear Charge and Shielding
- Coulomb's Law is from classical physics; it tells us that particles with opposite electrostatic charge are attracted to each other, and the larger the charge on either particle or the closer the distance between them, the stronger the attraction. Coulomb's law is insufficient for predicting the energies of electrons in multi-electron atoms and ions. To explain these things, we need to consider how both electron shielding and penetration result in variations in effective nuclear charge (Z*) that
- 6.5: Periodic Trends
- Page notifications Off Share Table of contents Periodic trends are specific patterns that are present in the periodic table that illustrate different aspects of a certain element, including its size and its electronic properties. Major periodic trends include: electronegativity, ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radius, melting point, and metallic character. Periodic trends, arising from the arrangement of the periodic table, provide chemists with an invaluable tool.
Image Attributions
- https://chem.libretexts.org/@api/dek...r_6_Banner.png; made by Camille Kaslan under CC-BY-SA licensing
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