1.6: GPIO Inputs

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hypothes.is tag: s20iostiot5ualr
Download Assignment: S2020iot05

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to:

Content:

Access the GPIO using buttons on a breadboard
Build simple circuits
turn an LED on and off with buttons

Process

write code that turns on LED lights with buttons

Prior Knowledge

Python concepts from Python Activities 1-7, and IOT Activities 1-4

Task 1: Building a Circuit with Buttons.

Build the following circuit containing a button and a red LED light. Connect the button to GPIO22, and the red LED to GPIO17. Don’t forget the resistor for the LED or you will burn it out. Note the top image has the Vilros cobbler and the fritzing diagram has the other type. You don’t need to add jumpers between the 3v3 and ground from Broadcom pins 1 and 9 if you are using the Vilros cobbler.

ioct cobbler — Figure $\PageIndex{1}$: Image of first circuit with button

ioct4 breadboard layout — Figure $\PageIndex{2}$: Fritzing diagram of first circuit with button

Note

GPIO 4 can be used for the button if you have 1-wire disabled in the interface of the RasPi configuration.

Task 1 Python Programs

Python Program 1	Python Program 2
from gpiozero import Button, LED red = LED(17) button = Button(22) while True: if button.is_pressed: print("Button is pressed") red.on() else: print("Button is not pressed") red.off()	from gpiozero import Button, LED from signal import pause red = LED(17) button = Button(22) def buttonAction1(): print("Button is pressed") red.on() def buttonAction2(): print("Button is released") red.off() button.when_pressed = buttonAction1 button.when_released = buttonAction2 pause()

Python Program 1

Python Program 2

from gpiozero import Button, LED

red = LED(17)
button = Button(22)

while True:
    if button.is_pressed:
        print("Button is pressed")
        red.on()
    else:
        print("Button is not pressed")
        red.off()

from gpiozero import Button, LED
from signal import pause

red = LED(17)
button = Button(22)

def buttonAction1():
    print("Button is pressed")
    red.on()

def buttonAction2():
    print("Button is released")
    red.off()

button.when_pressed = buttonAction1
button.when_released = buttonAction2

pause()

Critical Thinking Questions

Next to each line of code above, indicate what the statement does.
Which of the devices above are GPIO input devices and output devices?
Can an input device:
1. trigger another GPIO event?
2. trigger screen output?
3. trigger a function?
Which three built in functions of the gpiozero.Button class are being used in the programs above?
How is the pause() function from signal different from the sleep() function from time?

Task 2: Three Button RGB LED Board

Add two more buttons and an RGB common anode LED to your breadboard. Common anode is the longest pin and needs to be connected to 3v3 with a 220 W resistor. Use GPIO pins 22, 19 and 26 for your buttons. Use GPIO pins 16, 20 and 21 for your RGB LED. Your board may not look exactly like these, but should have the same wiring connectivity regardless of holes on the breadboard. (see images next page

breadboard diagram — Figure $\PageIndex{4}$: Fritzing diagram of three button board for RGB LED

Task 2 Python Programs

Python Program 3
from gpiozero import Button,RGBLED from signal import pause button_red = Button(26) button_green = Button(19) button_blue = Button(22) led = RGBLED(red = 21, green=20, blue=16, active_high = False) def buttonAction1(): print("Red button is pressed") led.red = 0.3 def buttonAction2(): print("Red button is released") led.red = 0 def buttonAction3(): print("Green button is pressed") led.green = 0.7 def buttonAction4(): print("Green Button is released") led.green = 0 def buttonAction5(): print("Blue button is pressed") led.blue = 1 def buttonAction6(): print("Blue button is released") led.blue = 0 led.color =(0,0,0) button_red.when_pressed = buttonAction1 button_red.when_released = buttonAction2 button_green.when_pressed = buttonAction3 button_green.when_released = buttonAction4 button_blue.when_pressed = buttonAction5 button_blue.when_released = buttonAction6 pause()

Python Program 3

from gpiozero import Button,RGBLED
from signal import pause

button_red = Button(26)
button_green = Button(19)
button_blue = Button(22)

led = RGBLED(red = 21, green=20, blue=16, active_high = False)

def buttonAction1():
    print("Red button is pressed")
    led.red = 0.3

def buttonAction2():
    print("Red button is released")
    led.red = 0

def buttonAction3():
    print("Green button is pressed")
    led.green = 0.7

def buttonAction4():
    print("Green Button is released")
    led.green = 0

def buttonAction5():
    print("Blue button is pressed")
    led.blue = 1

def buttonAction6():
    print("Blue button is released")
    led.blue = 0

led.color =(0,0,0)
button_red.when_pressed = buttonAction1
button_red.when_released = buttonAction2
button_green.when_pressed = buttonAction3
button_green.when_released = buttonAction4
button_blue.when_pressed = buttonAction5
button_blue.when_released = buttonAction6
pause()

Critical Thinking Questions (cont.)

What happens when you press and release a single button?
What happens when you click two or more buttons simultaneously?

Task 3: Making music

In this next task we are going to use libav, a suite of open source audio and video processing tools (https://libav.org/). So we first have to go to the command line and install the library. So open the terminal window and input the following code, noting that we always update prior to installing new software. Note when you do this, you need to place some files where you are running your pythons. If you have not already created a folder for the class, do so now. You may use the name pythonprograms, or any name you want. (If you do not know where you are saving your files, you can go to Thonny, open a python program and choose "Save As". This will take you the the directory you are currently saving programs from.

Run the following commands in Terminal one-by-one. Replace "your_python_code_directory" with the name of the directory where you save all your Python scripts. The cp command is used for copying files from one folder to another. The syntax is cp full_path_to_source_file full_path_to_destination_folder

Task 3a: installing ffmpeg library and copying a sound file
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install ffmpeg cd your_python_code_directory mkdir Music cd cp /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/complete.oga /home/pi/your_python_code_directory/Music cp /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/message-new-instant.oga /home/pi/your_python_code_directory/Music cp /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/service-login.oga /home/pi/your_python_code_directory/Music

Task 3a: installing ffmpeg library and copying a sound file

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

cd your_python_code_directory
mkdir Music

cd 
cp /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/complete.oga /home/pi/your_python_code_directory/Music
cp /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/message-new-instant.oga /home/pi/your_python_code_directory/Music
cp /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/service-login.oga /home/pi/your_python_code_directory/Music

Now you need to config your Raspberry Pi to use headphones or external speakers through the audio jack. You do this through the Raspberry Pi configuration menu

Task 3b: Set up audio jack

#in the command line open the configuration men
pi@yourhostname:~ $ sudo raspi-config
#Go to advanced options, select audio and choose the audio jack rather than the auto settings.

Connect an external set of speakers or your headphones to the Raspberry Pi, and you should be good to proceed to the next task. Now open up Thonny and proceed to the following python code. Save it in the Music folder (same folder that we copied the sound files to).

Task 3c: Python code for playing sound files
import pygame.mixer from pygame.mixer import Sound from time import sleep pygame.mixer.init() sound_1 = Sound("complete.oga") while True: sound_1.play() print("Can you hear the sound?") sleep(3)

Critical Thinking Questions (cont.)

Next to each line of code above, make a comment on what the line does.
We copied 3 sound to the Music folder. Alter the code above to play a different sound.
You can find more sounds in /usr/share/sounds/freedesktop/stereo/. Feel free to copy other sounds to use or download your own from the internet.