3.E: Chemistry, Matter, and Measurement (Exercises)
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Does each statement refer to a chemical property or a physical property?
- Balsa is a very light wood.
- If held in a flame, magnesium metal burns in air.
- Mercury has a density of 13.6 g/mL.
- Human blood is red.
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Does each statement refer to a chemical property or a physical property?
- The elements sodium and chlorine can combine to make table salt.
- The metal tungsten does not melt until its temperature exceeds 3,000°C.
- The ingestion of ethyl alcohol can lead to disorientation and confusion.
- The boiling point of isopropyl alcohol, which is used to sterilize cuts and scrapes, is lower than the boiling point of water.
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Define element . How does it differ from a compound?
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Define compound . How does it differ from an element?
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Give two examples of a heterogeneous mixture.
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Give two examples of a homogeneous mixture.
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Identify each substance as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, or a solution.
- xenon, a substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components
- blood, a substance composed of several types of cells suspended in a salty solution called plasma
- water, a substance composed of hydrogen and oxygen
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Identify each substance as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, or a solution.
- sugar, a substance composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- hydrogen, the simplest chemical substance
- dirt, a combination of rocks and decaying plant matter
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Identify each substance as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, or a solution.
- air, primarily a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen
- ringer’s lactate, a standard fluid used in medicine that contains salt, potassium, and lactate compounds all dissolved in sterile water
- tartaric acid, a substance composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
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Identify each material as an element, a compound, a heterogeneous mixture, or a solution.
- equal portions of salt and sand placed in a beaker and shaken up
- a combination of beeswax dissolved in liquid hexane
- hydrogen peroxide, a substance composed of hydrogen and oxygen
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What word describes each phase change?
- solid to liquid
- liquid to gas
- solid to gas
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What word describes each phase change?
- liquid to solid
- gas to liquid
- gas to solid
Answers
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- physical property
- chemical property
- physical property
- physical property
2.
- chemical property
- physical property
- chemical property
- physical property
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An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into chemically simpler components. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances.
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a salt and pepper mix and a bowl of cereal (answers will vary)
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- element
- heterogeneous mixture
- compound
8.
- compound
- element
- heterogeneous mixture
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- solution
- solution
- compound
- heterogeneous mixture
- solution
- compound
11.
- melting or fusion
- boiling or evaporation
- sublimation
12.
- freezing
- condensation
- deposition