1.6: Key Terms
- Page ID
- 574028
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- alpha particle (α particle)
- positively charged particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons
- anion
- negatively charged atom or molecule (contains more electrons than protons)
- atomic mass
- average mass of atoms of an element, expressed in amu
- atomic mass unit (amu)
- (also, unified atomic mass unit, u, or Dalton, Da) unit of mass equal to 112112 of the mass of a 12C atom
- atomic number (Z)
- number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- cation
- positively charged atom or molecule (contains fewer electrons than protons)
- chemical symbol
- one-, two-, or three-letter abbreviation used to represent an element or its atoms
- Dalton (Da)
- alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit
- Dalton’s atomic theory
- set of postulates that established the fundamental properties of atoms
- electron
- negatively charged, subatomic particle of relatively low mass located outside the nucleus
- empirical formula
- formula showing the composition of a compound given as the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms
- fundamental unit of charge
- (also called the elementary charge) equals the magnitude of the charge of an electron (e) with e = 1.602 ×× 10−19 C
- ion
- electrically charged atom or molecule (contains unequal numbers of protons and electrons)
- isomers
- compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures
- isotopes
- atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
- law of constant composition
- (also, law of definite proportions) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
- law of definite proportions
- (also, law of constant composition) all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportions by mass
- law of multiple proportions
- when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers
- mass number (A)
- sum of the numbers of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
- molecular formula
- formula indicating the composition of a molecule of a compound and giving the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound.
- neutron
- uncharged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
- nucleus
- massive, positively charged center of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
- proton
- positively charged, subatomic particle located in the nucleus
- spatial isomers
- compounds in which the relative orientations of the atoms in space differ
- structural formula
- shows the atoms in a molecule and how they are connected
- structural isomer
- one of two substances that have the same molecular formula but different physical and chemical properties because their atoms are bonded differently
- unified atomic mass unit (u)
- alternative unit equivalent to the atomic mass unit