7: Electrons and Chemical Bonding
- Page ID
- 367799
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- 7.1: Light is Visible Electromagnetic Radiation
- Light acts like a wave, with a frequency and a wavelength. The frequency and wavelength of light are related by the speed of light, a constant. Light acts like a particle of energy, whose value is related to the frequency of light.
- 7.2: Models of Electron Behavior
- Scientists observed the ways in which light interacted with matter and proposed models to try to explain this behavior. Much of this behavior was very unexpected and sometimes appeared to defy logic.
- 7.3: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations
- We look at the four quantum numbers for a given electron. Electron configuration notation simplifies the indication of where electrons are located in a specific atom. The Aufbau principle gives the order of electron filling in an atom. Hund's rule specifies the order of electron filling within a set of orbitals. Orbital filling diagrams are a way of indicating electron locations in orbitals.
- 7.4: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
- The arrangement of electrons in atoms is responsible for the shape of the periodic table. Electron configurations can be predicted by the position of an atom on the periodic table.
- 7.5: The Octet Rule
- According to the octet rule, atoms will tend to lose, gain, or share electrons such that their valence electron shell resembles that of a noble gas. In most cases, the noble gas has 8 electrons in his valence shell, hence the word octet to describe the number 8.
- 7.6: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds
- A procedure is introduced for determining Lewis structures for more complex molecules and ions.
- 7.7: Predicting the Shapes of Molecules
- The approximate shape of a molecule can be predicted from the number of electron groups and the number of surrounding atoms.
- 7.8: Electronegativity and Polarity
- Covalent bonds can be nonpolar or polar, depending on the electronegativities of the atoms involved. Molecules can be polar or nonpolar, depending both on the polarity of the bonds which make them up and the overall geometry of the molecule.
- 7.E: Electrons and Chemical Bonds (Exercises)
- The following questions are related to the material covered in this chapter. For additional discussion on each topic, also check the links included in each heading. However, the numbering of these questions does not necessarily match the numbering of the sections within this textbook.