Skip to main content
Chemistry LibreTexts

4.E: Carbonyl-Containing Compounds (Exercises)

  1. Last updated
  2. Save as PDF
  • Page ID
    340354

    • \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    ( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)

    \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)

    \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)

    \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}}      % arrow\)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)

    \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)

    \(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)

    Additional Exercises

    1. Name each compound.

      1. A carbonyl carbon is bonded to 1 H atom and a ethyl group.

      2. A carbonyl carbon is bonded to two identical ethyl groups.

      3. A carbonyl carbon is bonded to a methyl group and an isopropyl group. 

         

    2. Draw the structure for each compound.

      1. butyraldehyde

      2. 2-hexanone

      3. p-nitrobenzaldehyde

         

    3. Which compound in each pair has the higher boiling point?

      1. hexanal or 2-hexanol
      2. butane or 2-propanone

         

    4. Draw the structure for each compound.

      1. o-nitrobenzoic acid
      2. p-chlorobenzoic acid
      3. 3-chloropentanoic acid
      4. α-chloropropionic acid

         

    5. Name each compound with either the IUPAC name, the common name, or both.

      1. (CH3)2CHCH2COOH
      2. (CH3)3CCH(CH3)CH2COOH
      3. CH2BrCH2CH2COOH

         

    6. Which compound has the higher boiling point: 1-pentanol or butanoic acid? Explain.
       

    7. Which compound is more soluble in water: propanoic acid or hexanoic acid? Explain.
       

    8. Name each compound with both the common name and the IUPAC name.

      1. Ex 3a.jpg

      2. Ex 3b.jpg

         

    9. Draw the structure for each compound.

      1. ethyl hexanoate
      2. ethyl benzoate
      3. ethyl 3-methylhexanoate
         

    10. Which compound has the higher boiling point: 1-octanol or ethyl hexanoate? Explain.
       

    11. Which compound is more soluble in water: methyl ethanoate or propanoic acid? Explain.
       

    12. Draw the structure for each compound.

      1. propionamide
      2. butanamide

         

    13. Name each compound with the common name, the IUPAC name, or both.

      1. Ex 3a.jpg

      2. Ex 3b.jpg


         

    14. Which compound has the higher boiling point—butyramide or dimethylacetamide? Explain.
       

    15. Which compound is more soluble in water: N-methylethanamide or 2-methylbutane? Explain.


       

    Answers

    1.   
      1. IUPAC: propanal; Common: propionaldehyde
      2. IUPAC: 3-pentanone; Common: diethyl ketone
      3. IUPAC: 3-methyl-2-butanone; Common: isopropyl methyl ketone

     

    1.  

      1. 2-hexanol

      2. 2-propanone

     

    1.   

      1. IUPAC: 3-methylbutanoic acid; Common: β-methylbutyric acid

      2. IUPAC: 3,4,4-trimethylpentanoic acid; no common name

      3. IUPAC: 4-bromobutanoic acid; Common: γ- bromobutyric acid

     

    1. Propanoic acid because both molecules can form hydrogen bonds, but this compound is more polar. As the carbon chain length increases because dipole forces become less important and dispersion forces become more predominant.

     

    1.   
      1. ethyl hexanoate 
         
      2. ethyl benzoate 
         
      3. ethyl 3-methylhexanoate

     

    1.   Propanoic acid because it can form hydrogen bonds with water.

     

    1.    

      1. common: propionamide; IUPAC: propanamide

      2. common: α-methylbutyramide; IUPAC: 2-methylbutanamide

     

    1. N-methylethanamide because it can form hydrogen bonds with water.
       

    4.E: Carbonyl-Containing Compounds (Exercises) is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.