4: Atoms and Chemical Bonding
- Page ID
- 538631
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- 4.1: Atomic Theory
- A summary of modern atomic theory- Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- 4.2: Electrons, the Octet Rule, and Dots
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in shells. The outer shell is called the "valence" shell. These electrons can be represented as dots around the element symbol.
- 4.3: Compounds
- A compound is a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion. Metals and Non-metals combine to form ionic compounds. Non-metals combine with each other to form molecular compounds.
- 4.4: Molecular Compounds
- Molecular compounds are formed by combinations of two or more non-metals.
- 4.5: Introduction to Ionic Compounds
- Ionic Compounds are formed between metals and non-metals.
- 4.6: Ions - Monatomic and Polyatomic
- Atom may lose lose or gain electrons to become ions (positively or negatively charged).
- 4.7: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
- Formulas for ionic compounds contain the symbols and number of each atom present in a compound in the lowest whole number ratio.
- 4.8: Acids and Bases
- Acids and Bases are part of everyday life. We can recognize acids and bases by their chemical structure.
- 4.9: FotE - Depletion of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer
- Focus On The Environment (FotE) - The earth's stratospheric ozone layer plays a critical role in absorbing ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. In the last thirty years, it has been discovered that stratospheric ozone is depleting as a result of anthropogenic pollutants. There are a number of chemical reactions that can deplete stratospheric ozone; however, some of the most significant of these involves the catalytic destruction of ozone by halogen radicals such as chlorine and bromine.


