1: Introduction to Organic Chemistry
- Page ID
- 364631
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- 1.1: General Characteristics of Organic Molecules
- Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds, nearly all of which also contain hydrogen atoms.
- 1.2: Drawing Chemical Structures
- Kekulé Formulas or structural formulas display the atoms of the molecule in the order they are bonded. Condensed structural formulas show the order of atoms like a structural formula but are written in a single line to save space. Skeleton formulas or Shorthand formulas or line-angle formulas are used to write carbon and hydrogen atoms more efficiently by replacing the letters with lines. Isomers have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas
- 1.3: Alkanes
- Simple alkanes exist as a homologous series, in which adjacent members differ by a CH2 unit.
- 1.4: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- As noted before, alkenes are hydrocarbons with carbon-to-carbon double bonds (R2C=CR2) and alkynes are hydrocarbons with carbon-to-carbon triple bonds (R–C≡C–R). Collectively, they are called unsaturated hydrocarbons because they have fewer hydrogen atoms than does an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms, as is indicated in the following general formulas:
- 1.5: Organic Compounds with Functional Groups
- The functional group, a structural arrangement of atoms and/or bonds, is largely responsible for the properties of organic compound families.
- 1.8: Optical Isomerism in Organic Molecules
- Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism. This page explains what stereoisomers are and how you recognize the possibility of optical isomers in a molecule.
- 1.9: Organic Reactions
- Organic reactions require the breaking of strong covalent bonds, which takes a considerable input of energy. In order for relatively stable organic molecules to react at a reasonable rate, they often must be modified with the use of highly reactive materials or in the presence of a catalyst. In this lesson, you will learn about several general categories of organic reactions.
- 1.10: Organic Chemistry (Exercises)
- These are homework exercises to accompany the Textmap created for "Chemistry" by OpenStax. Complementary General Chemistry question banks can be found for other Textmaps and can be accessed here. In addition to these publicly available questions, access to private problems bank for use in exams and homework is available to faculty only on an individual basis; please contact Delmar Larsen for an account with access permission.